Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Indo-European cognates
02.09.2022 Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE):





Etruscan_Phrases

Indo-European Table 1, Part 10

 by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)


Table 1 Index
(Recommend opening this page to facilitate navigation through Table 1)




Etruscan_Phrases

 by Mel Copeland

(from a work published in 1981)

Table 1, Section 1E: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.


Sanskrit

Avestan, Persian, Georgian, Hurrian, Akkadian


Slavic, Baltic, Romanian,
Finnish-Uralic

Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Basque

Latin

Other

English

Etruscan

tvadīyaḥ, thy, thine, ta, tad, he, she, it, this that; ya ta, whoever, anybody, tvá, thy, your


 



t, ات thy, your,  



mâle tu, مال تو, yours (Persian)




შენი, sheni, thy, your (Georgian)


'-w, thou (Urartian)
fe-thou,
'we-š (erg.), we-we (gen.), fe(=)  /we-/, fe=lla, fe=š=, ph,  we-, thou, you, '-ffa, '-w, '-ppa / -ffa, -p, your (Hurrian)

ваш, vas, thy, your (Belarusian)
vas, thy, your (Croatian)

swój, thy, vaš,
your (Polish)
jūsu, thy,
tava, your (Latvian)
jusun, your
(Baltic-Sudovian)

tău, thy, TA, your (Romanian)
sinun, thy, teidän, your (Finnish-Uralic)

σας, sas, thy, your (Greek)
Ձեր, DZer, thy, your (Armenian)
juaj, jote, your, jot, yours, yt, thy, yte, thy (Albanian)

hire, thy, zure, your (Basque)


tuum (singular); vestra, (plural)

do thu, thy, do, your (Irish)
do dh ', thy, your (Scott)
dy
, thy, eich, your (Welsh)
tuo, thy, il tuo, your  (Italian)
votre, vos, tes, ton,  ta, your; tes, ton, ta, thy, your (ta, f.) (French)

KUNU, -KA, your, -smi-, -summi-=-smi, yours (Pl.),  -sami-, -smi-, yours, theirs, zikila, yourself,
sumāsila, yourselves, to yourselves  (Hittite)

thy, your

10-1


ta, Script Z1334, Z1397, N357, Q290, Q320, Q326, Q671, Aph-3, TC61, S-18, Au34, XB-42, XJ-21
tuam, tvam
tvaa, unto you;
tvaam, to you;
tvai, with regard to thee






tvęm [tűm], thou, tava [tűm], of
thee, thwa [-]
thwat [tűm]
(thee) thwat
[tűm], thee,
ĺ [tűm], you, ýűzhem [tűm], you, toi, to you (Avestan)
shom
â شما  you,
somârâ, you (Persian)
შენთის, shentis, to you, შენ, shen, you (Georgian)



'-au, you, verbal ending Urartian)
'-ū, -ō, you, verbal ending, '-m(ma), '-mma, -m, you, encl. pron. Single, '-ffa, '-w, '-ppa / -ffa, -p,thou, encl. pron. Pl. (Hurrian)










































цябе, ciabie, to you, вы, vy, you (Belarusian)
ty [sing.], vy [pl.] (Belarus)
tebi, to you,
vas, you (Croatian)
do Ciebie, to you,
ty, you (Polish)tu, thou (Baltic-Sudovian)
tu (Baltic-
Lithuanian)
tev, to you,
tu, you (Latvian)
pentru tine, to you, te, yourself, tu, you (Romanian)
sinulle, to you, sinä, you (Finnish-Uralic)


σε εσένα, se eséna, to you, eseis, esy, you (Greek)
քեզ, k’ez, to you,
դուք, duk’, you (Armenian)
për ju, to you, ti, ju,  you (Albanian)

zuri, to you (Basque)


tu, you Nom.
tui, you Gen.
tibi, you Dat.
te, you Acc.
te, you, Abl.



duit, to you, tú, you (Irish)
Dhutsa, to you, tha thu, you (Scott)
chi, you, i chi, to you, (Welsh)
a te, to you, tu, you, (Italian)
ŕ toi, to you, to thee, to yourself, te, you (French)

-ci, you (Tocharian)


ti/tu, you, single (Palaic)




tu, to you, ti/tu,

unts, you, single,

u(n)tsa, you, pl. (Luvian)



ta/tu, Dat. single, to you, ti/di, Acc. single, you, ti/tu, you, single,

Sum, Nom. Sumes, sumeis, you, pl. (Hittite)












you, to you

10-2


TE Script M45, N184, N294, N453, Q15, Q17, Q25, Q42, Q46, Q209, Q283, Q521, Q551, Q671, R41, R54, R59, R76, R173, R188, R212, R229, R270, R339, Au39, L15, BS-7



Te, Script AO-4, XB-31, XF-4, TC46,TC61, TC71, TC108, TC170, TC201, TC260, TC298, TC327, K74, K86, AP-4, Au90, N230, N349, N404, Q806, R17, R116, R124, R258, R306, R359, PL-6, SM-4, Au-2, Au92, L24, L53 XB-31


x

somâ, somârâ,
شما you, pron.; tv,  تو your (Persian)

შენთის, shentis, to you, საკუთარ თავს, sak’utar tavs, yourself (Georgian)



atta (attu), you, m. single, atti, f. pl., attina (Akkadian)






цябе, ciabie, to you, самі, yourself (Belarusian)
tebi, to you,  sami, yourself (Croatian)
do Ciebie, to you, siebie, yourself (Polish)
tev, to you,
sevi, yourself (Latvian) 
ŢI, you, pentru tine, to you, tu, yourself (Romanian)
sinulle, to you, sinä itse, yourself (Finnish-Uralic)


σε εσένα,
se eséna, to you, σύ ο ίδιος, sý o ídios, yourself (Greek)
դուք, ձեր,
duk’, dzer, you, your, քեզ, k’ez, to you (Armenian)
ti, ju, teje [prej], , njeriu, pron. you (Albanian)

zeure buruari, to yourself (Basque)

tibi, 2nd person
personal & reflexive,
Dat., you


duit, to you, tú féin, yourself (Irish)
Dhutsa,  to you,
thu fhčin, yourself (Scott)
i chi (chwi), to you,  eich hun, yourself, chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti (Welsh)
ti, you, to you,
te stesso, yourself (Italian)
ŕ toi, to you,

toi męme, yourself (French)



smas, to you,

tsikila, you, yourself (Hittie)


to you,
yourself

10-3


TI, Script Z84, Z105, Z300, Z572, Z880, Z945, Z1386, Z1770, Z1818, K79, AG-8, AK-7, TC41, TC46, Au85, BT-17, Au84, PC-5


tuam, tvam
vaH, yours



tha, your (Avesyan)
somâ, somârâ,
you, pron. azâne
to, at, adj., azâne to, thy; azâne somâ, your, adj. (Persian)


შენ, shen, you, შენი, sheni, your (Georgian)

вы, vy, you, ваш, vaš, your (Belarusian)
vas, you,
vaš, your (Croatian)

ty, you, Twój, your (Polish)
tu, you, tava, your (Latvian)
tvas, your (Lithuanian)

tu, you, ta, your, TEU, old Romanian for your (Romanian)
sinä, you,
teidän, your (Finnish-Uralic)





εσείς, eseis, you, τα δικα σου, ta dika sou, your, δική σας, dikí sas, yours (Greek)
դուք, duk’, you, ձեր, dzer, your (Armenian)
ju, you, juaj, your . (Albanian)

tu, 2nd person pers. & reflex., Nom., you;
tui, 2nd person pers. & reflex. Gen., you
tuus-a-um, thy, thine, your


, you, dochi, your (Irish)
tha thu, bhur, you, do dh ', your (Scott)
chi, you, eich, your (Welsh)

da, you (Breton)
tu, you, thou, sing. il tuo, your  tuo, tuoi, your, thy, yours, sing. pl. (Italian)
tu, you, votre, vos, yours,  toi, pers. pron. you, posses. ton, poss. adj. (f. ta, pl. tes) your, thine (French)



-ci, you (Tocharian)





Smi/Sma/Sme, you, yours, ti/ta/te, your,

smi/sma/sme, your, their (Hittite)




you, your, yours

10-4


tu (TV), Script Z656, TC161, TC108, TC170, TC201, N149, N160, N230, N244, N254, R212, R314, R370, R394, R426, R447, R459, R521, R530, R596, R607, R619, R633, R653, N417, N522, N582, N748, Q51, Q66, Q74, Q95, Q107, Q171, Q217, Q224, Q273, Q311, Q351, Q406, Q442, Q460, Q754, Q899, R51, R70, R72, R128, R173, R188
thu (ΘV) , Script M78

thus, thos (ΘvS)? Script M32

phalakam, table, bhArman, support,
board, table; paTTakan, plate, tablet, cloth, bandage, document; phalaka, adj. result, advantage, halaka, tablet, board, a
wooden bench, palm of the hand, shield







miz, میز  table, miz,xân, xorâk,
table; taxte,
lowhe, tablet
(Persian)
მაგიდა
, magida, table (Georgian)



diškű, a type of table (Akkadian)













стол, stol, table (Belarusian)
stol, table (Croatian)
stół, table, tabletka, tablica,
tablet (Polish)

tabula, table (Latvian)
masa, table, TABLĂ, sheetmetal, board, blackboard (Romanian)
pöytä, table (Finnish-Uralic)

τραπέζι, trapézi, table, chapi, pinakida, tablet
(Greek)

սեղան, seghan, table (Armenian)
tabelëtabelë, table (Albanian)

taula, table (Basque)

tabella-ae, tablet, flat board, document, letter, record

tábla, table (Irish)
clŕr, table (Scott)
bwrdd
,
bord
-ydd-au, table, board; tabl-au, table; tafle-nau-ni,
table, list, leaflet
(Welsh)
tabella, table, list
tavola, tavolo, table, board, plate (Italian)
table, table (French)



 lahura, offering table (Hittite)



table, [<Lat. tabula, board] tablet, board [<OE bord]

10-5


table (TA8LE),
Script Q107

x x x x x x Taei, name?
10-6

Taei, Script XA-8
Taeia, Script XJ-5
x x x x x x Tafos, Taphos, name?
10-7
TAFOS (TAFVS), Script XA-5
x

x

x

x

x

x

Tages, Etruscan
god of boundaries
10-8


Tages, Script N320,
N353, N444, N660;
Q863, R278, R607


chinatti, to cut, muṇḍayati, to shave



thweresaiti [thwares], to cut off, destroy (Avestan)
tarâšidán, تراشیدن to shave, carve, chip, boridan, بریدنبریدن to cut (Persian)

ჭრა, ch’ra, to cut, გაპარსვა, gap’arsva, to shave (Georgian)

ḫuddudu, deeply cut, rasābu, to cut down enemies, to strike down, to smash, to pummel, thrash, ḫīpu, cut-off piece, anxiety, break, gully, panic, kašāṭu, to cut down orchards, fruit trees, interrupt, ḫarāpu, nasāru?, to cut, kasāmu, to cut down trees, to cut wood, to cut weeds, to cut or chop herbs, kaṣābu, to cut off, nukkusu,adj., cut in pieces, torn, naksu, adj., cut, felled, cut off, severed, ripped, torn, slaughtered, nakāsu, to cut through, notch, fell trees, cut dates, etc. niksu, cut-off flesh, cut of meat, cutting off the head, cutting the throat, the wings, slaughter, slicing, karātu, to cut off, to break off, to strike, kalű, to cut off, deny a wish, to prevent, to stop, detain, etc., šamāṭu, to cut off, strip away, tear loose, rub away, etc., qatāpu, to cut off, trim timber, pluck, pick fruit, etc., arű,  erű, to cut branches, šalāqu, to cut open, slit many times, etc., gaṣāṣu, to cut, trim, mutilate, kartu, adj., cut up, kasmu, cut up, chopped, pulled, weeded, gullubu, to shave, rob, despoil, gullubu, adj., shaved, gallābūtu, shaving ritual for priests, etc. (Akkadian)
рэзаць, rezać, to cut, галіць, halić, to shave (Belarusian)
rezati, to cut, obrijati, to shave (Croatian)
uciąć, to cut, golić się, to shave (Polish)
griezt, to cut, skūties, to shave (Latvian)
a tăia, to cut,
TAIE, he/she cuts,
a se bărbieri, to shave (Romanian)
katkaista, to cut, ajella, to shave (Finnish-Uralic)
xνα κόψω, na kópso, to cut, να ξυριστώ, na xyristó, to shave (Greek)
կտրել, ktrel, to cut, սափրվել, sap’rvel, to shave (Armenian)
te presesh, to cut, për të rruhem, to shave (Albanian)


moztu, to cut, bizarra egiteko, to shave (Basque)
secare, caedere, to cut
a ghearradh, to cut, a shave, to shave (Irish)
a ghearradh, to cut, a 'feuchainn, to shave (Scott)
i dorri, to cut, i arllwys, to shave (Welsh)
tagliare, to cut, radere, to shave (Italian)
couper, to cut, se raser, to shave (French)



kost, cut, edge, kärṣtā-[B kärstā-], to destroy, cut off (Tocharian)
Fa-karsed, to cut out (Lydian)


kuar/kur, to cut, kurama, kuratr, kuratn, cutting, kurana/i, cutter, kursauar/kursau(a)n, to cut off, karsnu, kars, to cut off, cancel (Luvian)
kuer/kur, kuers, kurs, kuērzi, to cut, kurutsi, cutter, kuresr/kuresn, cutting, karsiie/a, to cut up, karses, karsesn, cutting, karsat, cutting, removal, kartae, to cut off, tuhhus->, tuhs, tuhus, tuhsanna/ tuhsanni, cut off,  to separate, to be cut off, separated, wali, shaven? (Hittite)

Taie, name? to cut [<ME cutten],
razor [<Lat. radere,  to scrape), to nick [<ME nik, a shallow cut, npotch or chip on a surface, to cut a nich, just at the critical moment]

10-9
TAIE (See ATAI, Hades) Script XV-1
puy, puyati, to
become foul or putrid, stink, dirty, foul, timid, shy, dirt, timidity, shyness,
malinaḥ, foul, abominable, detestable,
dūṣayati, to defile, corrupt, pollute



nâ pâk, ناپاک foul, fvl, فول foul (Persian)
წიწაკა,
ts’its’ak’a, putrid, წაშლილია, ts’ashlilia, defiled  (Georgian)



lapātu, to be defiled, to make unclean, to write down, etc., lu’ű, to defile, , to desecrate (a sanctuary, a rite), to dirty an object, etc., isaru, in išaru, impure, abnormal, irregular, unjust, polluted, unjustly treated, unfortunate, impotent (Akkadian)

подлы, podly vile, апаганіў, apahaniŭ, defiled нячысты, niačysty, impure (Belarusian)
loš, vile, oskvrnuo, defiled,
nečist, impure (Croatian)
podły, vile, zhańbiony, defiled,
zanieczyszczony, impure (Polish)
apkaunots, defiled,
netīrs, impure (Latvian)
josnic, vile, spurcat, defiled, impur, impure (Romanian)
halpamainen, vile, saastutti, defiled, epäpuhdas, impure (Finnish-Uralic)


βρωμερός, vromerós, foul, μολύνθηκε, molýnthike, defiled, ακάθαρτος, akáthartos, impure, (Greek)
սարսափելի, sarsap’eli, hideous, պղծել, pghtsel, defiled, անպիտան, anpitan, impure (Armenian)
i shëmtuar, hideous, ndotur, defiled, i papastër, impure (Albanian)

nazkagarri, foul, purua, impure (Basque)
foedus-a-um, foul, filthy, foedo-are, to defile, taeter-tra-tru, foul, hideous, offensive, disgraceful, abominable, adv. taetre,

salach, dirty, truaillithe, defiled (Irish)
neňnach, hideous, truailleadh, defiled (Scott)
budr (budur), adj. dirty, filthy, nasty, vile, foul;  amhur (amhurol, amur), adj., impure, foul, unclean; aflan, adj. unclean, polluted, foul, wedi'i ddifetha, defiled (Welsh)
orrendo, hideous,  infetto, infected, foul, contaminato, defiled, impuro, impure (Italian)
hideux, hideoussouillé, defiled,  odieux, odious, impur, impure (French)



ucchiṣt, unclean, impure, polluted, [B krāke], dirt, filth (Tocharian)
parata? impurity (Luvian)






  paprahh, to defile, paprah, to defile, impure, to make impure,
 

papradr/papran,

defilement, impurity, impropriety,

papre, impure, to do something impure, be proven guilty by ordeal, iskunanz, dirty, mulātar, dirt, sah-, to make dirty, pollute, to sprinkle, #šakhar, dirt,

saknes, sknes,

defiled, impure, to become impure, defiled, sknuant, defiled by sakr (faeces, dung), impure, soiled, sknumr, defilement by defecation (Hittite)
















foul [<OE ful], hideous, offensive,
abominable, soiled [<OFr. souiller]
defiled, impurity, [<Lat., impunitas]

10-10


TAITeR,
Script Z421

sama, adj., even,
smooth, parallel; like, equal to



čonin, چنین such, (Persian)



ასეთი, aseti, such (Georgian)

так, tak, such (Belarusian)
takav, such (Croatian)
taki, such (Polish)
tāds, such (Latvian)

astfel de, such (Romanian)
sellainen, such (Finnish-Uralic)


τέτοιος, tétoios, such, omoios, similar, (Greek)
այդպիսին,

aydpisin, such (Armenian)
i tillë, such, kaq, so (Albanian)

shunday, such (Basque)


talis-e, of such a kind, such
Nom., Gen. talis
Dat., Abl. tali



den sórt sin, such (Irish)
leithid sin, such (Scott)
o'r fath, such, cyfryw, adj. like, such cyffelyb, adj. like, similar (Welsh)
tale, adj., pron.,
come, such (Italian)
tel, telle, adj., pron., such (French)

apēnissuwant-, such, kā-ya kā-ya, such-and-such (Hittite)

such, [<OE swylc], like, similar, same, such a one

10-11


tal, Script TC161
tali, Script AC-10









yātana, requittal, retaliation, prati, kāraḥ or -kriyā, retaliation, pratiphalam, retribution, retaliation, vairayatana, requital of enmity, retaliation; pratikara, requital, retaliation, counteraction, remedy; pratikriya, requital, retaliation, defence, remedy, damayati, to tame,


 











tlafy, تلافی retaliation, revenge, reprisal,

râm, رام  tame
(Persian)




შურისძიება, shurisdzieba, retaliation, მოთვინიერება, motviniereba, to tame (Georgian)

 






аддзяку, ddziaku, retaliation, прыручыць, pryručyć, to tame,

 (Belarusian)
osveta, retaliation, ukrotiti, to tame,  (Croatian)
odwet, retaliation, okiełznać, to tame, (Polish)
atriebība, retaliation, pieradināt, to tame, (Latvian)
represalii, retaliation, a îmblânzi, to tame, (Romanian)
kosto, retaliation, kesyttää, to tame (Finnish-Uralic)

αντίποινα,
antípoina, retaliation, antekdikisi,

δαμάζω, damázo, to tame,  (Greek)
հակահարված,
hakaharvats, retaliation, համբուրել, hamburel, to tame (Armenian) shpagim, retaliation, për të zbutur, to tame (Albanian)

mendeku, retaliation,
errepresalia, retaliation, reprisal, zuritzeko, bezatu, to tame
(Basque)

talio-onis, retaliation
domo, domare, domui, domitum, to tame


cúiteamh, retaliation,

damnaim, (OIr.), to tie up (Irish)
děoghaltas, retaliation (Scott)
gwrthdaro, retaliation, ad-daledigaeth-au, ad-daliad-au, retribution,
recompense, retaliation
(Welsh)
rappresaglia, retaliation, retribuzione, retribution, tallone, heel, taluno, adj. pron. someone, domare, to tame (Italian)
talion, retaliation, talon, heel, domtare, to tame (French)



tamass/tame/iss, tmas, tme/is, to oppress, wisūriya->, to oppress, stifle, kattawātar, retaliation, vengeance, retribution, compensation, revenge,  (Hittite)

 

retaliation? [<Lat. retaliare, to retaliate], reprisal, {<Lat. reprehendere, to reprehend],
repress [<Lat. repressus, pp. of reprimere, to repress], tame [<OE tam], heel

10-12



talena, Script
Q39, Q41 (See THALNA, (
ΘALNA) Etruscan goddess of retribution, and mother of Helen of Troy (Gk. Nemesis)


talio (TALIV) Script  PC-7
nakha, nakharaḥ, talon, claw, spur of a cock,
pārṣṇiḥ, heel
pashnh, پاشنه heel, čangâl, چنگال claw, talon (Persian)
ქუსლი
, kusli, heel,
ტალონი, t’aloni, talon (Georgian)

as ī du, heel of a human being, eqbu, heel, hoof (Akkadian)

 


абцас, abcas, heel, кіпцюр, kipciur, talon (Belarusian)
potpetica, heel, talon, talon (Croatian)
obcas, heel, talon, talon (Polish)
papēdis, heel, talons, talon (Latvian)
toc, heel, talon, talon (Romanian)
kantapää, heel, kynsi, talon (Finnish-Uralic)
φτέρνα, ftérna, heel, νύχι ορνίου, nýchi orníou, talon (Greek)
գարշապարը, garshapary, heel, թալան, t’alan, talon (Armenian)
thembër, heel, kthetër, talon (Albanian)
talus-i, heel, unguis-is, claw, hoof, talon, finger/toe naill
suil, heel, talún, talon (Irish)
seal, heel, s an Iar-, talon (Scott)
sawdl, heel, talon, talon (Welsh)
talone, heel,
artiglio, talon (Italian)
talon, heel, talon, ongle, finger nail, nail, claw  (French)




ટેલોન Ṭēlōna, talon, હીલ, Hīla, heel (Gujarati)
pençe, talon, topuk, heel (Turkish)
талон,
talon, talon, өкше, ökşe, heel (Kazakh)
talon, talon, tovon, heel (Uzbek)

талон, talon, talon, пошна, poşna, heel (Tajik)
Талон,
Talon, talon, согончок, sogonçok, heel (Kyrgyz)
талон, talon, talon, өсгий, ösgii, heel (Mongolian)
爪, Zhǎo, claw, talon, 腳跟, Jiǎogēn, heel (Traditional Chinese)

prsna? heel, body part, near feet Hittite)
talon, heel [<OE hēlia]

10-13
talos (TALOS) Script  XL-1

See also,
10-48, "talon":

THALIO (ΘALIV), Script PC-7
tamah, tamas,
darkness,

timirāvṛtaḥ, dark, tāmasaḥ, dark, gloomy, trāsaḥ, fright, bhītaḥ, afraid, mayam, fear, sabhayaḥ, possessed of fear       




sâmahe [sâma], dark, black  (Avestan)
târik, تاریک dark, târiki تاریکی darkness, tars, ترس fear, ziyad, so, ngrany, نگرانی n. worry, trouble, fear (Persian)

სიბნელე, sibnele, darkness, ბნელი, bneli, dark, შიში, shishi, fear, პირქუშია, p’irkushia, gloomy, ისე, ise, so, ინერვიულოთ, inerviulot, to worry  (Georgian)


deraš-, fear  (Urartian)
timeri, timari, dark, ug-, to fear (Hurrian)


adru, adirtu, idirtu,
dark, sad, hidirtu, edirtu, darkness, misfortune, calamity, ādiru, darkening, adīru, fear, adāru, fear, to fear the diety, respect the oath, adīriš, fear, in fear, adirtu, edirtu, idirtu, idištu, fear, apprehension, unhappiness, adūru, overcast, *du’umiš, tarkiš , adv., darkly, da’ummatu, darkness, gloom, erpu, adj., dark, allāmu, dark, black tempered (said of metal), illā, dark, providing shade, somber, etc., ḫašű, dark, cloudy, na’duru, darkened, eclipsed, ukkulu, darkened, dark colored,   ikiltu, ikletu, iklu, urruptu, darkness, kukkű, darkness, a name of the underworld, ullulu, obscure, dark, tarku, turruku, dark colored, tirku, dark spot, stroke, hit, blow, etc., turku, dark spot, uppű, adj., darkened, overcast, urrupu, dark, dusky, adāru, to be worried, disturbed, restless, nanduru, to become worried, eclipsed (said of the moon), na’ādu, to be worried, do something carefully, to draw someone's attention, etc., nakuttu, worry, anxiety, distress, concern, fear, nikittu, worry, fear, concern, damage, crisis, etc., palāḫu, to be worried, respectful of, reverential towards, afraid, etc., ašāšu, worried, to mistreat, suffer spasms, be distressed, ašuštu, worry, depression, dejection, uššatu, worry, distress, nazāqu, to have constant worries, to upset, etc., , to offend,