Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Indo-European cognates
7/22/06 Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases – Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE): Indo-European, Table 1, Section 1E Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan – based on the Etruscan_Phrases vocabulary
Copyright © 1981-2006 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.

Etruscan_Phrases

 by Mel Copeland

(from a work published in 1981)

Table 1, Section 1E: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.

Sanskrit

Avestan & Armenian*

Slavic & Baltic

Greek & Albanian

Latin

other

English

Etruscan

ta, tad, he, she, it, this
that; ya ta, whoever,
anybody

azâne to, at, adj.,
azâne to [n], thy;
azâne somâ, your,
adj. (Persian)

dawna forma, thy
(Polish)

sas (Greek)
jot, yt, jote, yte,
tënd, thy
(Albanian)

tuus (singular); vester
(plural)

dy ('th) (Welsh)
ta, adj., [f], thy, your
(French)

thy, your

ta, Script Z1334,
Z1397, N357, Q290,
Q320, Q326, Q671,
Aph-3, TC61, S-18

tuam, tvam

somâ, somârâ,
you, pron.
(Persian)

pan, pani, ty, wy,
you (Polish)

eseis, esy, you
(Greek)
ti, ju, teje [prej], ,
njeriu, pron. you
(Albanian)

tu, te, etc.; sing. vos,
etc., plur.

chi (chwi), chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti
(Welsh)
te, you, to you (Italian)
te, you, to you, to
thee, to yourself
(French)

you, to you

te, Script Z1, Z111,
Z284, Z727, Z776,
Z897, Z1192,
Z1265, Z1300,
TC179, M45,
N184, N294, N453,
Q11, Q21, Q33,
Q46, Q209, Q283,
Q521, Q551, Q671,
R40, R49, R56, R72,
R173, R188, R212,
R229, R270, R339,
Au39, L15, BS-7

tuam, tvam?

azâne to, at, adj.,
azâne to [n], thy;
azâne somâ, your,
adj. (Persian)

pan, pani, ty, wy,
you (Polish)

eseis, esy, you
(Greek)

ti, ju, teje [prej], ,
njeriu, pron. you
(Albanian)

vos, etc., plur.

chi (chwi); chwychwi,
pron. you yourselves

(Welsh)
vos (Italian)
vous (French)

you, plural,
possessive?

Te, Script TC61,
TC71, TC108,
TC170, TC201,
TC260, TC298,
TC327, K74, K86,
AP-1, Au90, N230,
N349, N404, Q806,
R13, R108, R121,
R258, R306, R359, PL-6

x

somâ, somârâ,
you, pron.; azâne
to, at, adj.,
azâne to [n], thy;
azâne somâ, your,
adj. (Persian)

pan, pani, ty, wy,
you ; pan sam, sie,
siebie, sobie, ty
sam, yourself
(Polish)

esy o idios, monos
sou, o eaftos sou
(Greek)
ti, ju, teje [prej], ,
njeriu, pron. you
(Albanian)

tibi, 2nd person
personal & reflexive,
Dat., you

chi (chwi), chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti

(Welsh)
ti, you, to you,
yourself (Italian)

you, to you,
yourself

ti, Script ZZ84,
Z103, Z300, Z572, Z880, Z945, Z1386,
Z1770, Z1818, K79, AG-1, AK-1, TC41, TC46, Au85

x

somâ, somârâ,
you, pron. azâne
to, at, adj.,
azâne to [n], thy;
azâne somâ, your,
adj. (Persian)

panski, twoj, wasz,
your (Polish_

juaj, tënd, yt, i
njeriut, tipik, your,
pron. (Albanian)

tu, 2nd person pers. &
reflex., Nom., you;
tui, 2nd person pers. &
reflex. Gen., you

chi (chwi), chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti

(Welsh)
tu, pers. pron. you,
thou, sing.
tuo, tuoi, adj. poss.
your, thy, yours, sing.
pl. (Italian)
tu, pers. pron., you;
toi, pers. pron. you,
possessive;
ton, poss.
adj. [m] (f. ta, pl. tes)
your, thine (French)

you, your

tu, Script Z656?,
TC161, TC108,
TC170, TC201,
N149, N160, N230,
N244, N254, N417,
N522, N582, N748,
Q53, Q65, Q74,
Q95, Q107, Q171,
Q217, Q224, Q273,
Q311, Q351, Q406,
Q442, Q460, Q754,
Q899, R49, R65,
R128, R173, R188,
R212, R314, R370,
R394, R426, R447,
R459, R521, R530,
R596, R607, R619,
R633, R653,

tvaa, unto you;
tvaaM, to you;
tvai, with
regard to thee

W-tun; E-Du. (Armenian)
tvêm [tûm], thou (Avestan)
somâ, somârâ,
you, pron. azâne
to, at, adj.,
azâne to [n], thy;
azâne somâ, your,
adj. (Persian)

tebe, tebi, ti,
vama, vas, vi

(Serbo-Croatian)
pan, pani,
ty, wy,
you (Polish)
ty [sing.], vy [pl.]
Belarus)
tu, thou (Baltic
Sudovian)
tu (Baltic
Lithuanian)

eseis, esy (Greek)
tri, ju,
teje, te,
njeriu (Albanian)

tu, ta, te, tibi

chi (chwi), chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti

(Welsh)
agaibh, chugad, to you,
s.; sibh, ye;
té [f], t',
thy; tu and tù, tus,
thusa
(Scott)
da,
te (Breton)
ta, tu, toi, te,ton, tes
(French)
tu, tuo, tuoi, vi (Italian)
tu, thou (Tocharian)
tuk (Hittite)

you, to you

tv (tu), te,
Te
, See above

vaH

tava [tûm], of
thee, thwa [-]
thwat [tûm]
(thee) thwat
[tûm]
ve (Avestan)
azâne somâ, your,
adj. (Persian)

panski, twoj, wasz,
your (Polish)
_jusun, your
(Baltic-Sudovian)

dikos sas
(Greek)
juaj, tënd, yt,
injerint, tirik
(Albanian)

tibi

chi (chwi), chwithau,
dy ('th), eich ('ch), ti

(Welsh)
bhur, bhur n- (Scott)
da (Breton)
ve (Italian)
ta, tes, votres,
vos (French)

your, yours

ti, ta? See above

bhArman, support,
board, table; paTTaka
[f], plate, tablet, cloth,
bandage, document;
phalaka, adj. result,
advantage, halaka [n],
tablet, board, a
wooden bench, palm
of the hand, shield

miz,xân, xorâk,
table [n];
taxte,
lowhe, tablet [n]
(Persian)

tabletka, tablica,
tablet (Polish)

trapezi, bazo sto
trapezi, table;
chapi, pinakida,
tablet
(Greek)
tryezë, tavolinë,
tryezë, e shtruar,
ushqim,
tabelë,
shesh, rrafshnaltë,
table [n] (Albanian)

tabella-ae [f], tablet,
flat board, document,
letter, record

bord-ydd-au [f], table,
board;
tabl-au [m],
table;
tafle-nau-ni [f],
table, list, leaflet
(Welsh)
tabella [f] table, list
tavola [f] tavolo [m],
table, board, plate
(Italian)
table [f] (French)

table, tablet, board
[<OE bord]

table (ta8le),
Script Q107

x

x

x

x

x

x

Tages, Etruscan
god

Tages, Script N320,
N353, N444, N660;
Q863, R278, R607

pUy, pUyati, to
become foul or putrid,
stink; [f], dirty, foul,
timid, shy [n. m.], dirt,
timidity, shyness

nâpâk, cerkin,
palid, adj., palid
[n], foul (Persian)

faul,
niedozwolony,
nieprzepisowy,
wstretny, foul (Polish)

epithetikos,
prosblitikos,
offensive (Greek)
i pistë, i ndyrë, i
urryer, i zënë
[oxhak], i
turpshëm, i
padrejtë, adj. foul
(Albanian)

taeter-tra-trum

afiach, adj. unwell,
unhealthy, sick, dirty,
foul, unwholesome,
noxious; amhur
(amhurol, amur), adj.,
impure, foul, unclean;
budr
(budur), adj.
dirty, filthy, nasty,
vile, foul; aflan, adj.
unclean, polluted, foul
(Welsh)
sporco, immondo,
torbido, fedtido,
infetto, brutto, adj. foul
(Italian)
immonde, souill
é,
odieux, infâme,
bourbeux [water], adj.
(French)

foul [<OE ful], hideous,
offensive,
abominable

TAITeR,
Script Z421

sama, adj., even,
smooth, parallel; like,
equal to

conin, yekconin,
ingune, such, adv.,
pron.; mânand,
hamânand, yeksân,
adv. mânand,
yeksân [n], similar
(Persian)

podobny, taki, ten,
such (Polish)

omoios, similar;
tetoios, such
(Greek)
kaq, i
tillë, such,
adj. (Albanian)

talis-e, of such a kind,
such

cyfryw, adj. like, such
cyffelyb, adj. like,
similar (Welsh)
tale, adj., pron. (Italian)
tel, telle, adj., pron.
(French)

such, like, similar,
same, such a one

tal, Script TC161

vairayAtanA [f],
requital of enmity,
retaliation; pratikAra
[m], requital,
retaliation,
counteraction, remedy;
pratikriyA [f],
requital, retaliation,
defence, remedy

tuzes, retaliation
(Persian)

ktos, someone
(Polish)

antekdikisi (Greek)
shpagim, shpagë,
retaliation;
dikush, ndonjëri,
dicka, someone,
pron.(Albanian)

talo-onis [f], retaliation

ad-daledigaeth-au
[m.f.], ad-daliad-au
[m], retribution,
recompense,
retaliation; rhywun
[m], someone (Welsh)
taluno, adj. pron.
someone (Italian)
talion [m], retaliation,
(French)

retaliation?
someone?

talena, Script
Q33, Q46

tamah, tamas.h
(darkness, m.)

tars, bim [n],
tarsidan, to fear;
târik, adj. [n], dark
(Persian)

potamniti (Serbo
Croatian)
ciemnosc,
darkness, gloom;
przygnebienie,
gloom; hanba,
hanbic znieslawic,
dishonor (Polish)
dumas, dark;
tamsa, gloomy
(Baltic-Sudovian)

atimia (Greek)
errësirë, dishonour,
trishtim, mërzi,
gloom (Albanian)

temero-are

caddugo, tywyllu, to
darken, obscure;
anharddu, to defile,
disfigure; amharchu, to
disrespect, dishonour,
disparage; caddug [m],
gwyll-ion [m], prudd
der [m], gloom;
tristwch-au [m],
sadness, sorrow
(Welsh)
oscurare, to darken;
disonore, to dishonor;
timore [m], fear, dread
(Italian)
obscur, sombre, adj.
dark; obscurcir, noircir,
to darken; déshonneur,
to dishonour;
timoré,
adj.
timorous; triste,
sadness, gloom
(French)
neku, to get dark,
tamas, to torment
(Hittite)

to darken [<OE
deorc], defile [<Fr.
défiler],
dishonour [<Lat.
honoro-are, to
honour]

tame, Script L31
tamir, L84;

x

x

x

x

x

x

Tanaquil, Etruscan
Queen; an expert in divination, wife of Tarquin Priscus – the Elder, 5th king of Rome

Thanchuilus,
Thanchoilos,
(Thanchvilvs)
,
Script A-1

Astara [m], spread,
couch, carpet, cushion,
coverlet

pârceye pardeyi,
pardye
qâlicenemâ,
tapestry [n]; qâlice
[n], rug; qâli [n],
fars kardan, to
carpet (Persian)

dywan, carpet
(Polish)

chali, carpet; chali,
tapetsaria, tapestry
(Greek)
sixhade,
tapiceri,
tapestry [n]
(Albanian)

tapeta-ae [m]

brycan (brecan)-au
[m.f.], blanket, rug
carped-au-i [m], carpet
hugan-au [f], cloak,
covering, rug (Welsh)
tapppezzeria [f]
(Italian)
tapis [m] (French)
tabahaza, air (Lycian)

tapestry [<Gk.
tapes, carpet],
carpet [<OItal.
carpita], rug [<of
Scan. origin]

tapis, Script Q893

viha, air, the sky;
abhra [m], rain-cloud,
sky; AzA [f], space,
region, quarter of the
sky;
Varuna, sky-god

ashnô [ashan]
(Avestan)
âsmân, sepehr,
sky [n]; âsmân,
behest, minu,
heaven [n];
abr,
miq, cloud; havâ,
bâd,
vây, air [n]
(Persian)

niebiosa, niebo,
sky (Polish)
niabiosy, nieba,
(Belarus)

ouranos, sky,
heaven;
Uranus,
sky-god;
aeras,
yfos, air (Greek)
qiell, parajsë
(Albanian)

caelum-i, heaven, sky,
air, climate

awyr [f], wybr-au [f],
sky, ffurfafen
nau [f],
nwyfre [m],
firmament, sky;
celi
[m], heaven, god
(Welsh)
athar;
nèamh, sky,
heaven; speur (Scott)

cielo [m]; nube [f],
cloud (Italian)
ciel [m]; nuage [m],
cloud (French)
tabahaza (Lycian)
nepis, sky (Hittite)

sky [<ON sky,
cloud],
air
[<Gk.
aer], heaven
[<OE heofan]

tapis? Script Q893

tavAgA, strong, huge
(bull);
saurabheya, [m,
f.], bull, cow.

gava, cow, bull
staora [-] m. beast,
draft animal, steer
(Avestan)
gâve nar, bull [n]
(Persian)

byk, samiec, bull (Polish)
lanikis (Baltic
Sudovian)

tavros, psemata
(Greek)
dem, mashkull,
bulë (Albanian)

taurus-i [m]

tarw (teirw) [m], bull
(Welsh)
tarbh [m] (Scott)
toro [m] (Italian)
taureau [m] (French)
wawa, a bull (Hittite)

bull, [<ON boli]
steer [<OE steor]

tar, Script Z10,
Z150, M-1

tavAgA, strong, huge
(bull);
saurabheya, [m,
f.], bull, cow.

gâv, mâdegâv, cow
(Persian)

krowa, zastraszyc,
cow;
byk, samiec,
bull
(Polish)

agelada, cow;
tavros, psemata
(Greek)
lopë, cow
(Albanian)

taurus-i [m], bull;
vacca-ae [f], a cow

tarw (teirw) [m], bull
buwch (buchod) [f],
cow (Welsh)
taurino [m] bull-like;
mucca [f], cow
(Italian)
taureau [m], bull; vache
[f], cow (French)

cow [<OE cu]-like

Tarina, Script
N173, N184; see
Note (5)

x

x

x

x

Tarquini-orum, [m.pl],
an old town in Etruria,
whence came the
Tarquin family,
including two kings of
Rome

x

the Tarquins, a
gens of kings that
founded Rome

Tarkie, Script DL-10;
Tarkonos,
Tarkunus)
(Tarkvnvs)
,
Script DL-6; see Note (4)

tim, timyati, to
become quiet; il {ilati},
come, {ilayati}, be
quiet, not budge; rati
[f], rest, repose, quiet,
comfort, pleasure,
sexual intercourse;
tuS,
tuSyati
, to become
quiet, satisfied,
pleased

ârâmes, âsâyes,
xâmusi, quiet [n];
ârâm, xâmus,
biârâmes, still, adj.
(Persian)

cichy, cisza,
lagodny, skromny,
spokoj, spokojny,
uspokoic sie, quiet;
cichy, milczacy,
silent (Polish)

siopilos, siopiros,
tacit; boubos,
afonos, silent
(Greek)
qetësoj, resht, to be
quiet; heshtje,
qetësi, quiet [n]
(Albanian)

taceo-ere-itum

distewi, to be silent,
calm, quiet; tawedog,
adj. silent, taciturn,
reticent (Welsh)
tacere (Italian)
tacite, adj. tacit
(French)

to be silent [<Lat.|
sileo -ere -ui], still
[<OE
still],
quiet [<Lat.
quietus-a-um]

tas, Script
Z1168, Au30

RNin, adj., indebted,
obliged [m],. a debtor;
saRNa, adj., having
debts, indebted; RNa,
adj., guilty [n], guilt,
debt, obligation,
RNadhAray, to be
indebted to

bedehkâr budan,
bedehi dâstan, to
owe (Persian)

byc dluznym,
zawdzieczac, owe;
odwrocic, zmienic
kierunek, divert
(Polish)

ektrepo,
diaskedazo, to
divert (Greek)
devijoj (Albanian)

debeo-ere -ui-itum; to owe

deveho-vehere-vexi-vectum, to carry away or down; pass. devehi (ac. navi) to sail

dylu, should, ought to,
owe, infatuate;
dyled -ion [f],
debt, obligation,
debit, duty (Welsh)
devere (Italian)
devoir (French)

to owe [<OE ule]

to carry away or down

teb (te8),
Script N95;
tebe (te8e), Script
N139, Q224
tebra (te8ra),
Script Q500, R474;
tevre (te8re), Script
N638;
tebri (te8ri), Script
N676

dhvan, to cover; khan, khanati, -te, to
dig, dig up, delve,
bury; dhA, dadhAti,
dhatte; dadhati, -te,to
put, set, lay, think of,
cause, bear, set upon
(esp. the fire), hide,
conceal, cover, cause
to be laid in, shut up

nikañte [ni-kan],
to bury;
daxma [-],
grave (Avestan)
puses [n],
pusândan,
pusidan, to cover;
bexâk sepordan, to
bury (Persian)
be-dap
(Yagnobian)

pochowac,
pogrzebac,
zakopac, bury;
celowac,
koperta,
okladka,okryc,
okrycie, oslonic,
pokrowiec,
pokryc, pokrycie,
polisa, powlec,
przkryc, cover
(Polish)
enkapt, to bury
(Baltic-Sudovian)

thabo, to bury;
kalypto, kalypsi,
to cover (Greek)
varros, gropos,
fus,
rras, to bury;
maskim, mbulim,
cover; mbuloj, to
cover (Albanian)

tego, tegere, texi,
tectum
, to cover, bury
fossa-ae [f] ditch,
trench, channel;
decoro-are, to
embellish, beautify,
adorn;
tectorius
i-um
, plaster, stucco,
fresco,

anhuddo, to cover,
engulf; gordoi, to
overspread, cover
toi, to cover, roof, thatch (Welsh)
teagair, va. collect,
supply, cover,
protect, shelter;
teagar [m] provision;
teagaisg, va. to
teach, instruct;
teagasgair [m]
teacher (Scott)
sepillire,
sotterrare, to bury;
coprire, celare, to
cover;
mascherare,
vt. to mask;
fosse
[f] pit, hole, grave
tacere, to say nothing, be tacit (Italian)
enterer, to bury;
couvrir, to cover;
masquer, to cover,
conceal;
fosse [f]
pit, hole, trench,
grave, lion's den;
tacite, adj. tacit
(French)
tekan, takama, ground
(Hittite)

to cover [<Lat.
cooperire, to cover
completely], to
bury [<OE
brygan], to conceal,
to
mask [<Ital.
maschera], to
shield, protect;

tec, Script Z111,
Z122, Z214, TC266
TeC, S-1;
THeK, Script M74,
tece, Script AL-8,
Tekeias, Script Q-1
Tekories (Tekvries)
Script Q-1

x

x

x

gypsos,
asbestono,
sobatizo, plaster
(Greek)

decuria-ae [f], a body
of ten men, jurors;
tectorius-a-um, plaster,
stucco

x

name?

Tekories (Tekvries),
Script Q-1, name:
Tekeias Tekories

zubhay, zubhayati, to
adorn; maND,
maNDayati, to deck,
adorn, embellish,
glorify; Rc, arcati, to
beam, shine, sing,
praise, honour, adorn

ârâyes, âzinbandi,
âzin, decoration
[n];
ârâstan,
pirâstan, to adorn
(Persian)

dekorowac,
odnowic, ozdobic,
decorate (Polish)

kosmo, stolizo, to
adorn;
diakosmo,
to decorate (Greek)
zbukuroj, stolis, to
adorn;
dekoroj,
zbukuroj, to
decorate (Albanian)

decoro-are

arwisgo, to enrobe,
array, invest, decorage
(Welsh)
addurno, to adorn,
decorate, grace,
illuminate (Welsh)
decorare (Italian)
décorer (French)

to embellish
[<OFr. embellir],
adorn [<Lat.
adorno-are]

tecum, Script
Z1615, Au13; see Note (1)

dasha

dasa [dasan] (Avestan)
dah (Persian)

deset (Serbo
Croation)

deka (Greek)
dhjetë
(Albanian)

decem

deich, ten;
deicheamh, tenth
(Scott)
deg-au [m] (Welsh)
dek (Breton)
dieci (Italian)
dix, (French)
s'äk, s'ek
(Tocharian)

ten [<OE tien]

tecum (tecvm)?
Script Z1615, Au13
tikam (ticham)?
R286

AdhRSe, to attack
or defy;
dhRS,
dhRSNoti, dharSati
, to
be bold, dare or
venture, defy, attack,
injure, violate, conquer

mobâreze xâhi [n];
bejang xândan,
sârânidan, to
challenge (Persian)

przeciwstawiac sie,
stawiac opor, defy;
rzucic wyzwanie,
wyzwanie,
challenge (Polish)

apsifo, to deny;
tulmo, prokalo,
proklisi, to
dare, challenge
(Greek)
sridoj, to challenge
(Albanian)

provoco-are

beiddio, to dare,
presume, defy (Welsh)
deò (Scott)
sfidare (Italian)
défier, to defy,
dare, challenge;
défi, [m] (French)

to defy [<OFr.
desfier], challenge,
dare [<OE durran]

tev (tef) Script
AN20;
deviv, Script K136
(probably
revio – (L.
reveho-vehere -vexi
-vectum)
ride back, sail back–
the last three words
of K136)

iisha divi, in heaven
divya devaaya, divine
deva, devaM,
God
devataa, devi
, goddess;
Bhaga, among the
dieties of the highest
sphere; sometimes
another expression of
god in the Rig Veda.

daêum [daêva],
god, devil
daêvi [daêvî],
female daêva
ahura, ahura
mazdâ [-]
(Avestan)
Xodâ, Izad,
Parvardegâr, God
(Persian)

bog, god bogina,
goddess
(Serbo-Croatian)
bog, bostwo, god
(Polish)
boh [m] (Belarus)
deivas, God,
father of light
(Baltic-Sudovian)

Zeus, light;
théos, a god
(Greek)
nyjni,
zot,
perëndi
(Albanian)

deus, divus,
numen
divinum
[m], di [dii],
divi
, numina;
caelestes,
supers,
dea,
diva [f]

celi [m], heaven, god;
duw-iau [m], god, diety
dofydd [m]; duwies-au
[f], goddess, nymph
(Welsh)
dia, Dia, a god, God;
diadhair, divine (Scott)
doue (Breton)
dio [m], god; dea [f]
goddess; (Italian)
dieu [m], dieux, pl. god;
deesse [f], goddess
(French)
divi, a god,
divNali,
divine (Lydian)
zbali, a deity,
zusi, Zeus (Lycian)
siwali, a diety, siu,
siun
, a god
(Hittite)

god [<OE god], goddess

tei, Script