senatus-us [or-i] a
council of elders, the
Senate; senatus [senati]
consultum, a formal
resolution of the
Senate; senectus-a-um,
old age [f]; senecta-ae,
old age; nodo-are, to
knot; dissolvo -solvere
solvi -solutum, to
loosen, undo, destroy

senedd-au [f], senate,
parliament; hynafgwr,
[m], old man, elder;
datod, to undo, untile,
loose, dissolve (Welsh)
seanadh [m], synod
(Scott)
senato [m] senate
house; annodare, to
knot, tie; snodare, to
untie, loosen, undo,
snodarsi get untied
(Italian)
sénat [m] dénouer,
untie (French)

sanaj, sanaka (ablat.)
adj. old, ancient; jIri
[f], old age; Azina,
jUrya, adj., aged; mah,
great, mighty, strong,
abundant, old, aged [f],
the earth, ground, soil,
land, etc.

hano (Avestan)
kohan, sâlxorde,
pir, old, adj.;
bâstâni, kohan,
dirine, adj.,
bâstâni [n],
ancient
(Persian)

star, starinski
(Serbo-Croation)
dawny, stary
(Polish)
stary (Belarus)

henne (Greek)
vieç (Albanian)

senex, senile, aged;
senectus-a-um, old age
[f]; senecta-ae, old age

hen, adj. old, ancient,
aged; oedrannus, adj.
aged, old (Welsh)
aosda, aged; sean,
adj. old, aged, ancient
(Scott);
kozh, yen (Breton)
senato [m], senate;
senilita, senility;
vecchio, old; snidare, to
drive out, unbarrow
(Italian)
sénat [m], senate;
sénile, adj. senile;
vieux, vielle [m], old
age, elderly, adj.
(French)
ksaise, old (Tocharian)

old [<OE eald],
aged [<Lat. aetas
-atis [f], age]]

sentina-ae, bilge-water, rabble, dregs of the population

Santina, a name

Sentina, man's
name

Sentina, Script LS-1

saptatha, saptama [f], the seventh.

haft, adj., [n],
seven; jodâyi,
duri, gosixtegi,
separation [n]
(Persian)
ewt'n (Armenian)

siedem, seven;
indywidualny,
oddzielick,
oddzielny,
osobny, rozlaczyc,
wziac, separacje,
seperate (Polish)
septyni
(Baltic-Lithuanian)

epta, seven;
chorizo,
diachorizo,
choristos, separate
(Greek)
shtatë, seven
(Albanian)

separo-aro, to sever,
separate, consider or
treat separately;
septem, seven; diu,
adv. by day, for a long
time; rivus-i [m]
stream; saepio, saepire,
saepsi, saeptum, to
hedge in, enclose,
surround, confine;
saeptum-i, enclosure
where the Romans
voted at the comitis;
saepe, often,
frequently

didoli, to separate,
segregate, insulate;
gwahanu, to divide,
part, separate; neilltuo,
to separate, isolate, set
apart; ymrannu, to
divide, part, separate,
diverge, ramify; saith,
adj. seven (Welsh)
separare, to separate,
to part; giorno,
giornate, day;
sette, seven; spesso,
often; (Italian);
séparer, to divide,
separate; jour [m], day;
diurne, adj. diurnas,
day; rio [m] brook,
creek; sept, seven; rive
[f], bank, shore, strand;
souvent, often
(French)
sukt (Tocharian)

seven,[<OE
seofan], seventh
day or seventh
river, enclosure;
possibly a name,
Seprius

khan, khanati, -te, to
dig, dig up, delve,
bury; dhA, dadhAti,
dhatte; dadhati, -te,to
put, set, lay, think of,
cause, bear, set upon
(esp. the fire), hide,
conceal, covercause to
be laid in, shut up

nikañte [ni-kan],
to bury; daxma [-],
grave (Avestan)
bexâk sepordan,
to bury; sepordan
= entrust, resign,
surrender
(Persian)

pochowac,
pogrzebac,
zakopac, bury
(Polish)

thabo, bury
nekrotafeio,
cemetery (Greek)
groposje, varrim,
burial; shtie në
gropë, varros,
gropos, fsheh, fus,
rras, to bury
(Albanian)

sepelio-pelire-pelivi
and pelti-peltum, to
bury, ruin, destroy;
sepulchra-orum,
cemetery

claddu, to bury,
entomb, inter; claddfa,
(claddfeydd) [f], burial
ground, cemetrery;
golo, to conceal, bury;
bedd-au-i [m],beddrod
au [m], grave, tomb,
sepulcher (Welsh)
sepolcreto [m],
cemetery; sepolcro
[m], sepulcher (Italian):
sépulcre [m],
sepulcher; cimetière
[m], cemetery (French)

to bury [<OE
byrgan], to ruin,
destroy, buried;
possibly "I
separate of / from
them" (see "sep"
above)

xziS, zeSati, to join,
connect; saMdhay,
yati, to put together,
join with, make peace;
mil, milati, to meet,
assemble, join, mix,
combine; yat, yatati,
te, to join, connect,
unite; tandra [n],
series, line; gaNa [m],
troop, crowd, host,
tribe, suit, retinue,
flock, series, line;
Avali [f], row, range,
series; niyut [f], team
of horses, series, row,
gift; tantra [n], loom,
the warp, anything
continuus, series

peyvastan,
hamkâri kardan,
to join; reste,
series, adj.
fesordan,
calândan
(Persian)

dolaczyc sie,
laczyc, polaczyc
sie, wstapic w
szeregi, join; ciag,
seria, szereg, series
(Polish)

enono, syndevo,
pairno meros, join
(Greek)
koleksion, seri,
radhë, varg, series
[n]; lidh, bashkoj,
futem,
bashkohem,
anëtarësohem,
shkruhem, kufizoj
me, shkoj me,
shoqërohem,
shrihet në, to join
(Albanian)

sero-serere, serui,
sertum

aesthu, to join; asio, to
join, piece, weld,
cement; cydio, to join,
connect, link; cyslltu,
to connect, join, link,
knit; uno, to join, unite,
affiliate; ymaelodi, to
become a member, join;
ymuno, to join, unite
(Welsh)
serrare, to join together
(Italian)
serrer, to press, to
tighten, to squeeze, to
crowd, close (French)
iukan, to yoke (Hittite)

to join [<Lat.
iungo, iungere,
iunxi, iunctum, to
join] together,
put in a row, unite
[<LLat. unire]

ser, Scripts
TC241, AH-1, S-15;
seramo, (seramv);
–possibly a name,
Seramus; Script Z64
SeRAN, TC28,
K79 –this may be
a reflexive verb,
"ran";
SEReN, Script L-1;
serev, seref
(SERE8), Script
N647, N738, N748;
seri, Script Z289,
Z462, Z463,
Z543, R359
ser phoe
(SERPHVE), Script
Z1168;
sero (serv) S50

prasphuTa, manifest,
clear; dhArapUta, clear
as water; suprakAza,
very bright or clear;
cikit, visible, clear;
prasannAtman, of
gracious or tranquil
mind

ârâmes, âsudegi,
serenity [n]
pâludan, rowsan
kardan, to clarify;
ârâm, âsude,
bijonbes, tranquil,
adj. (Persian)

oczyscic,
wyjasnic,
wyklarowac,
clarify; cichy,
sielankowy,
spokojny, tranquil
(Polish)

galinio, iremos,
katharos, satis,
katharizo, clear
(Greek)
shapem, spastroj,
qëroj, to clarify, i
qärtë, i qetë,
serene, tranquil (Albanian)

sereno-are

egluro, to make clear,
explain, clarify; clirio,
to clear; teru, to clear,
refine, clarify; distaw,
silent, quiet, reticent;
llonydd, quiet, still,
placid; tawel, quiet,
calm, still, tranquil
(Welsh)
bith, adj. quiet,
tranquil, silent (Scott);
sereno [m], serene
(Italian)
serein, adj. serene,
placid; sérénité [f]
serenity (French)
parkunu, to clear;
parkui, pure, clean
(Hittite)

to make clear
[<Lat. clarus-a
um, clear, bright],
make bright, fair
weather, eclair, a
pastry [<OFr.
esclair, lightning]
serene, quiet
[<Lat. quietus-a
-um, resting]

dadhidrapsa [m], whey
of sour milk; gorasa
[m], cows milk, milk;
kSIra [n], milk (also of
plants); Udhasya,
milking; n. milk

sir, milk [n],
dusidan, to milk
(Persian)

serwatka, whey
(Polish)

gala, armego, milk
(Greek)
hittë, thartor,
whey; lëng,
qumësht, gji, milk
mjel, jap qumësht,
to milk (Albanian)

serum-i; lac-lactis, milk

maidd (meiddion) [m],
gleision, whey; blith
-ion [m], milk; llaeth
(lleithion) [m], milk,
buttermilk (Welsh)
siero del latte, whey;
siero, serum; latte [m],
milk (Italian)
petit-lait [m], whey;
lait [m], milk; sérum,
serum (French)

whey [<OE
hwaeg]; see also,
"ser," .i.e., "we
join together";
milk [<OE milc]

x

x

x

x

x

x

Seriphus, island in
the western
Cyclades? See ser
above.

SaSTha [f], sixth; the
sixth hour of the day

sasom, sixth [n]
(Persian)

szosta czesc,
szosty, sixth
(Polish)

i gjashtë, sixth
(Albanian)

sextus

chwech, six, chweched,
adj. sixth (Welsh)
sesto, adj. [m] (Italian);
sieziéme (French)

sixth [<OE siex,
six]

sad, sIdati, to sit, seat
one's self (esp. for a
sacrifice), lie down,
around or in wait for,
be overcome, fall into
trouble, distress or
despair, decay, vanish;
sthA, tiSThati, -te, to
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait; As, Aste,
to sit, seat one's self
on, settle down, keep
quiet, rest, lie, dwell,
stay, remain

âste [âh, åñh]
(Avestan)
nesastan, to sit
(Persian)

sat, sate
(Serbo-
Croatian)
sat, siadac,
siedziec, sit
(Polish)
siadac, v. imp., sit
down; siadziec, v.
imp., sit (Belarus)
sesta, seat; sestun,
to sit (Baltic-
Sudovian)

kathomai (Greek)
ulem, rri ulur, rri
kllockë, qëndroj
(Albanian)

sedeo, sedere, sedi

eistedd, to sit, seat
(Welsh)
sedere, vt. (Italian)
siège [m], seat;
s'asseoir, to sit
(French)
aha-A (Lydian)
as- (Hittite)
asati, astti (Lycian)

to sit [<OE sittan]

seti, Script Z1835,
SEToM, SETuM,
(SETvM), Script
TC103

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, gdyby, jesli,
jezeli, o ile, if
(Polish)

ean, an, if (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep.,
(Albanian)

sive and seu

ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
se, (Italian)
si, adj. (French)

if [<OE gif],
whether [<OE
hwhether]

x

x

x

Zeus (Greek)

x

x

Zeus, name of
Greek god?

seus, seos (SEVS),
Script Z336, Z446,
Z1591, Z1861

siv, sIvyati, -te, to sew

duxt
(Yagnobian)
duxtan, to sew
(Persian)

siti, sew;
vidi sev (sewn,
(Serbo-Croatian)
sewed, szyc, sew
(Polish)
syc, v. imp.
(Belarus)
shut (Baltic
Sudovian)

rabo, to sew;
syndevo, to join
(Greek)
qep, to sew; thur,
to stitch; ilik, syth,
thile, stitch
(Albanian)

suo, suere, sui, sutum,
to sew, stitch, join
together; suesco -
suescere, suevi,
suetum, to be
accustomed; sudo-are,
to sweat, to drip with
moisture

gwni, to sew, stitch
(Welsh)
fuaigh, stitch, knit,
connect (Scott)
suturare, vi, to stitch,
cucire, vi. to sew;
unire, vi., to join,
sudare, to sweat
(Italian):
coudre, piquer, to
stitch; brocher, to sew;
unir, joiner, to join,
suturer, to suture
suer [f] sweat (French)

to sew [<OE
seowian], to
stitch, join
together; to
sweat, to toil?

tIkSNadaNDa,
bhRzadaNDa, adj.,
inflicting severe
punishment; dAruNa,
to be hard, rough,
harsh, cruel, severe

saxt, saxtgir,
saxtgir, bipirâye,
adj. severe
(Persian)

ostry, powazna,
srogi, surowy,
uporczywa, severe
(Polish)

spoudaios,
sobaros, serious;
afstiros, severe;
afstiros, blosyros,
stern (Greek)
i ashpër, i rreptë, i
sertë, i rëndë, i
vrazhdë, adj.,
severe; pupë, stern [n] (Albanian)

severus-a-um, grave,
serious, strict, stern,
hard; adv. severe

manwl, adj. exact,
precise, strict; caled
-ion, adj. hard, difficult,
firm, severe, harsh;
dygn, adj. hard, severe,
grievous, dire,
pernicious; egr, adj.
sharp, sour, severe,
savage; gerwin, adj.
rough, severe, harsh
(Welsh)
severo, adj. strict,
severe; sferrara, vt. to
unshoe a horse; to
deliver a blow; sviare,
to deviate, avert, lead
astray (Italian);
sévère, adj. severe;
éviter, to avoid, avert
(French)

Severus, a name of
an Etruscan queen
/ king; to be
severe; to turn
side, swerve [<OE
sweorfan], veer,
[<OFr. virer]

x

x

x

x

sullus-a-um, a swine

maiale, porco, [m]
swine (Italian);
porc, cuchon [m]
(French)

Sulla, a name?

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, gdyby, jesli,
jezeli, o ile, if
(Polish)

an, ean, kata poso,
whether (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep.,
(Albanian)

si

ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
se, (Italian)
si, adj. (French)

if [<OE gif],
whether [<OE
hwhether]

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, whether
(Polish)

an, ean, kata poso,
whether (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep.,
(Albanian)

sive, seu

ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
sia, conj. whether
(Italian)

whether

zuS, zuSati, to blow,
hiss (of a snake); hiss,
whistle, yell, gasp,
exert one's self,
endeavour; zvas,
zvasiti, zvasati, -te, to
blow, bluster, hiss,
whistle, snort, breathe,
sigh, gasp, groan

sut, nây [n], sut
kasidan, to whistle
(Persian)

gwizd, gwizdac,
gwizdek, whistle
(Polish)

sfyrigma,
sfyrichtra, sfyrizo,
whistle (Greek)
fishkëllej,
fërshëllej, to hiss,
whistle (Albanian)

sibilo-are

hisian (hisi-); hysian
hysio), to hiss, set on,
incite; chwythu, to
blow, fan, blast, inflate,
breathe, puff, hiss
(Welsh)
sibilare (Italian)
siffler (French)

to hiss [<ME hissen], whistle [<OE hwistlian]?

x

bedingune,
bedinsân, azinru,
thus, adv.
(Persian)

tak, tak wiec, w
ten sposob, thus
(Polish)

etsi, thus (Greek)
kështu, kaq, në,
këtë mënyrë, pra,
si rrjedhim, thus
(Albanian)

sic

felly, adv. therefore,
so, thus, accordingly;
fel, conj, prep. like, so,
as that, thus, how
(Welsh)
cosi, come segue, thus
(Italian);
ainsi, adv., donc, thus;
thus far, jusqu'ici
(French)

so [<OE swa],
thus [<OE thus],
in this way, like
this, as follows, in
that case, to such a
degree

kRpANa [m], sword;
[f], scissors, dagger,
knife; kSurikA} [f],
knife, dagger; zastra
[n], knife, dagger;
zastra [n] zastri,
zastrika [f], sword,
weapon

dasne, dagger [n]
(Persian)

sztylet, dagger
(Polish)

dikopo machairi,
dagger (Greek)
kamë, kryq
[poligr.] (Albanian)

sica-ae [f], dagger, dirk, ponaird

bidog-au [m.f.], dagger,
bayonet; dagr-au m],
dagger (Welsh)
daga, pugnate[f], style
[m] (Italian)
poignard [m] (French)

dagger [<ME
daggere], dirk
[<Sc. durk];
stiletto [<It. stilo]

x

x

Sycylia, Sicily (Polish)

x

Sicilia-ae [f] [Siculi]
orum [m. pl], Sicily;
Siculus-a-um, Sicilian;

x

Sicilian, Sicily?

kAraNa, adj., cause,
reason, motive, sign,
mark, document,
proof; liGga [n], mark,
sign, emblem,
badge,characteristic,
proof, idol, gender;
cihva [n], sign, mark;
cihvay, -yati, to mark,
stamp, sign

nesâne, padide,
sign [n] (Persian)

godlo, objaw,
podpisac, reklama,
skinac, szyld,
wskazowka,
znaczyc, znak,
sign (Polish)

simeio, nevma,
pinakida, ypografo,
nevo, sign; simeio,
emporiko sima,
bathmos,
symeiono,
bathmologo, mark
(Greek)
firmos, nënshkruaj,
angazhoj, marr me
kontratë; bëj shenjë
to sign (Albanian)

signo-are, to sign;
signum-i, sign

arwyddo, to sign,
signify, connote,
indicate; llofnodi
(llawnodi), to sign;
marcio, to mark
(Welsh)
segno [m], sign; segnare
(Italian)
signe [m] sign; signer
(French)

to mark [<OE
mearc], inscribe,
to sign

adri [m], rock, stone,
esp. bruising or hurling
stone; mountain,
cloud; zAra [f],
mottled, spotted; [m],
a stone used at games;
pASANa [m]

sange âtaszane,
xârâ, sange xârâ,
flint [n]; partgâh,
cliff (Persian)

kamien do
zapalniczki,
krzemien, flint
(Polish)

tsakmakopetra,
flint (Greek)
gur stralli, gur
cakmaku, strall,
gurickë, flint
(Albanian)

silex-icis

fflint, flint; callestr [f],
flint; carreg (cerrig) [f],
stone (Welsh)
silice [f], flint (Italian)
silex [m], flint (French)

hard stone, flint
[<OE flint],
craig, rock, cliff

tUSNIbhAva [m],
silence; niHzabda, adj.
noiseless, silen;
silence; avyAhRta [n],
not speaking, silence

xâmusi, ârâmes,
silence [n]
(Persian)

cichy, milczacy,
silent (Polish)

erlent, adj. silent
(Albanian)

sileo-ere-ui

tawedog, adj. silent,
taciturn, reticent; tewi,
to be silent; distewi, to
be silent, calm, quiet,
to hush (Welsh)
silenzio [m] silence,
quiet (Italian)
silence[m], silence
(French)

to be still [<OE
still], silent, quiet;
hush [Prob. <ME
husht, silent]

zak, zaknoti, to be
able, assist

x

byc, be (Polish)

eimai, briskomai,
to be (Greek)
ekzistoj, jam,
gjendem, ndodhem,
gjej, vazhdoj të rri,
qëndroj, shkoj,
zhvillohem, to be
(Albanian)

sim

bod, to be, exist (Welsh)
sia (Italian)
sois (French)
asa, sa (Nesian, es), to
be (Hittite)

to be, 1st person
sing., subj.,"I am"

x

harcand, garce,
vali, adv., conj.,
however (Persian)

inaczej, w inny
sposob, w
prezeciwnym
razie, otherwise;
jakkolwiek,
jednak, jednakze,
however (Polish)

omos, however
(Greek)
megjithatë, mirëpo,
prapseprap, por,
however
(Albanian)

sin; but if, if however
sino, sinere, sivi,
situm, to let alone

hagen, conj. but,
moreover, however
(Welsh)
sino, until, as far as, up
to, down to, as much
as (Italian)
sinon, else, or else,
otherwise, if not,
except, unless (French)

but if, if however;
without; to let
alone, leave, allow,
to let

x

parde, curtain [n];
parcin, band,
hedge [n]; bârhâ,
adv. often
(Persian)

czesto, often
(Polish)

sychna, polles
fores, often
(Greek)

saepe, often;
saepio, saepire, saepsi,
saeptu, to hedge in

aml (amal), adv. often,
adj., frequent, abundant
(Welsh)
sipario [m], a curtain;
spesso, often (Italian):
rideau [m], a curtain;
souvent, often (French)

often [<OE oft],
frequently; to
enclose, hedge in,
surround, confine

x

gilâs, cherry [n]
(Persian)

czeresnia, wisnia,
cherry (Polish)
visnaitas (Baltic-
Sudovian)

kerasi (Greek)
qershi (Albanian)

cerasus-i [f], cherry

ceiriosen (ceirios) [f],
cherry (Welsh)
siris [f] (Scott)
cillegia [f] (Italian)
cerise [f], cherry
(French)

cherry [<Gk.
kerasos, cherry
tree]

vananA [f], desire;
IpsA, eSTi; varasyA,
[f], wish, desire;
kAmita [n],
wish, desire; tAma
[m], longing, desire;

meyl, kâm [n],
ârzu kardan, to
desire (Persian)

chec, pozadanie,
pragnac,
pragnienie,
zyczenie, zyczyc
sobie, desire
(Polish)

thelo, chreiazomai,
anagki, want
(Greek)
dëshirë, lutje, urim,
wish [n]; dëshiroj,
dua, uroj, to wish
(Albanian)

si vis; see volo; volo,
velle, volui [vin =
visne; sis = si vis;
sultris = si vultris

deisyf (deisyfu), to
desire, wish, crave,
supplicate, beg (Welsh)
augerio, desiderio
(Italian)
souhaiter, vouloir,
désirer (French)
ilalija, to wish (Hittite)

to be willing, to
wish [<OE
wyscan], to want,
to desire [<Lat.
desidero-are, to
long for, wish for]

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sivai, name?

SIFAI, S-15, S-30,;
S-40

prahati [f], stroke,
throw; prAsa [m],
cast, throw, spear;
vap, vapati, -te, to
strew, scatter (esp.
seed), sow, throw or
cast; kunta [m], spear,
lance

neyze, lance [n];
andâxtan,
afkandan, part
kardan, to throw
(Persian)

rzucac, rzut, threw
(Polish)

richno, riximo, boli,
throw (Greek)
hedh, flak, gjuaj,
vërvit, vërvis, jap,
humbas me dashje,
plandos, ul, ngec,
to throw
(Albanian)

lancea-ae [f], a light
spear or lance; lancino
are, to tear to pieces,
to squander;

ergydio, to strike, rap,
throw, cast; lluchio, to
throw, fling, pelt, drift;
taflu, to throw, fling,
cast, hurl, heave, pelt
(Welsh)
slanciare, vt., to throw
(Italian)
lancer, to throw, rush,
dart (French)

to throw [<OE
thrawan, to twist],
thin out, taper, to
rush, venture; to
launch [<LLat.
lanceare, to wield a
lance]

x

x

x

x

x

x

an initial, like CN

x

xodas, xodas râ,
himself, herself
(Persian)

on sam, osobiscie,
sam, siebie, sobie,
himself; osobiscie,
sama, sie, siebie,
sobie, herself; ono
samo, osobiscie,
sie, siebie, we
wlasnej osobie,
itself (Polish)

ai, vetë, vetë,
himself; ajo vetë,
veten [e saj], vetes
[së saj], vetë,
herself; vetë, itself,
pron. (Albanian)

suo, sua, poss. adj./
pron. his, her, its; sui,
gen. refl. himself,
herself, itself

ei, hun, hunan, himself,
herself, itself (Welsh)
sua, suo, poss.
adj./pron. his, her its
(Italian)
soi, oneself, himself,
herself, itself (French)

himself, herself,
itself

so, su (SV),
Script TC307;
See Note 1) for the
shift of "sv" to =
"so"

zAka [m], help,
assistance; zAkbhan
[n], help, aid; ziSTi [f],
help, aid, sAhya [n],
assistance, help; jinv,
jinvati, to be lively,
hasten, put in motion,
quicken, favour, bring
or help

komak, yâri [n],
yâri kardan, to
help (Persian)

pomagac, pomoc,
pomoc, help
(Polish)

boitho, boitheia,
help; enochlo,
skotizo,
skotizomai, bother
(Greek)
i jap ndihmë,
ndihmoj, lehtëson
[ilaci], shmang,
përmbahem, to
help (Albanian)

succurro-currere-curri
cursum; to run
beneath, go under,
undergo, aid, succor;
socio-are, to
unite, combine,
associate

achlesu, to succor,
shelter, protect,
manure; adeinio, to
succor, fly; swcro, to
succor; ymgeleddu, to
cherish, succor,
befriend (Welsh)
soccorrere, to succor,
help (Italian)
soucier, to trouble, to
bother (French)

to run beneath, to
help [<OE helpan;
ON hjalpa], succor

zvazU [f], mother-in
law; zuzU [f], mother;
mAtRSvasR [f], a
mother's sister; nanA
[f], mother

mâdare zan
(Persian)

tesciowa (Polish)

pethera (Greek)
vjehërr (Albanian)

socrus-us [f]

chwegr [f] (Welsh)
suocera (Italian)

mother-in-law

socri, sucri
(svcri) Script Z798

ravi, mihira, sUra,
surya [m], the sun;
eka, ekAkin,
adj., alone, sole, single,
solitary; vijana, adj.,
destitute of people,
desert, solitary,
loneliness

hû [hvar]
(Avestan)
xorsid, âftâb, xor,
sun [n]; tanhâ,
yegâne, tak, alone,
adv. (Persian)

niedziela, slonce,
sun; jedynie, sam,
samotny, tylko, w
pojedyn, alone
(Polish)
saule (Baltic
Sudovian)

ilios, sun (Greek)
diel? (Albanian)

sol, solis [m] the sun;
solus-a-um, alone,
only, sole, solitary,
uninhabited; solo-are, to make solitary

haul (heuliau) [m];
huan [f], the sun; unig,
adj., only, sole, mere,
lonely, alone (Welsh)
sole [m], the sun; solo
[m] only one, alone
(Italian)
sol [m] the ground,
soil; soleil [m] the sun;
solo, adj. solo (French)

the sun [<OE
sunne], a day;
alone [<ME,
alone], solitary,
sole

sol, sul (svl), Script
Z308, Z1250;
sola, sula (svla)
Script Z598;
solo (svlv)
Script Z1161, R49,
R65
solos, sulus
(SVLvS), Script
Z1177, Z1334

x

x

x

x

sum, first person sing.
to be

suit, sommes, first
person sing. and pl. to
be, "we are"
(French)

I am, we are

svanita, adj.,sounding;
[n], sound; svAna [m],
sound, noise; kvANa
[m], sound

ostovâr, adj., âvâz,
navâ, ostovâr,
sound [n]
(Persian)

brzmiec,
brzmienie, caly,
dzwiek, gleboki,
mierzyc
glebokosc,
nienaruszony,
odglos,
rozbrzmiewac,
solidny,
sondowac,
wydawac glos,
zdrowy, sound
(Polish)

giortazo, to
celebrate; ichos,
steno, porthmos,
soos, ygiis, geros,
bathys, icho,
diadido, sound;
krotos, thorybos,
noise (Greek)
tingull, tingëllim,
tingëllimë, ton, zë,
zhurmë, sondë
[mjek.], sound [n];
dëgjohem,
tingëllon, bëj
përshtypje, dukëm,
ndihet, kontrolloj
me sondë, sondoj,
to sound
(Albanian)

sono-sonare, sonui,
sonitum

seinio, to sound,
resound, enunciate;
swnio, to sound,
pronounce (Welsh)
sonare (Italian)
sonner (French)

to sound [<Lat.
sonus], make a
noise, celebrate

son, sun (svn),
Script Z1417;

sona, suna (svna)
Script Z530
sone, sune (svne),
Script Z64

x

x

x

x

sunt, third person pl.

to be

sont (French)

they are

sont, sunt (svnt),
Script Q701

supti [f], sleep; svapna
svApa, [m], sleep,
dream; svap, svapiti,
to sleep, fall asleep, lie
down, repose, be dead,
make to sleep, bring to
rest, kill; drA, drAti,
drAyate, to fall asleep

xâbâlud, xâbâvar,
adj. drowsy; xâb
[n], xâbidan,
xoftan, to sleep
(Persian)

drzemac, drzemka,
drowse; sen, slept,
spac, sleep
(Polish)

koimoumai, ypnos,
sleep (Greek)
të qenët i
përgjumur,
drowsiness [n];
gjumë, fjetje, sleep
[n]; fle, to sleep
(Albanain)

sopio-ire;, to put to
sleep; dormio-ire, to
sleep

cysgu, to sleep, nap;
huno, to sleep (Welsh)
sopore [m], drowsines
assopirsi, to drowse
(Italian)
sommeiller, to drowse,
go to sleep; dormir, to
sleep (French)
supparija, to sleep (Hittite)

to put to sleep,
[<OE slaep]
quieten, stun,
render senseless;
drowse [<OE
drusian]

sopa, supa (svpa)
Script N522,
N582, R54, R511
sopes, supes
(svpes),
Script Q713
sopo, supo (svpv),
Script Q784

nanAndR, f., sister-in
law; svasR, f., sister

xâhar, sister
(Persian)
k'oyr, sister (Armenian)

sestra (Serbo
Croatian)
siostra (Polish)
siastra [f.]
(Belarus)
seser (Baltc
Lithuanian)

adelfi (Greek)
motër (Albanian)

soror

sier (Old Irish)
chwaer (chwiorydd) [f]
c'hoar, -ezed (Breton)
piuthar [f] (Scott)
suora [f] (Italian)
soeur [f] (French_
s.ar (Tocharian)
nega, a sister (Hittite)

sister [<OE
sweostor]

smayana [n], smiling, a
smile; smita, adj.,
smiling, expanded,
blown [n], a smile;
smi, smayate, -ti, to
smile, blush, be proud
or arrogant

labxand [n],
labxand zadan,
xandidan, to smile
(Persian)

usmiech,
usmiechac sie,
smile (Polish)

damalaki, calf; gelo,
gelio, to laugh
(Greek)
buzëqesh, to smile
(Albanian)

sura-ae [f], the calf of
the leg; risor-oris [m]
laughter, smile

cilwenu, to simpeer,
smile, leer, ogle; gwenu,
to smile (Welsh)
sorridere, to
smile (Italian)
souire, to smile, to be
favorable to (French)

calf of the leg? to
smile [<ME
smilen]?

dvaiguNya [n], the
double, double the
amount, value,
measure; dvitaya, adj.,
consisting of two,
twofold, double, pl.
both; n. a pair; dvaya
[f], twofold, double,
double nature

dorarâbar,
docandân, joft,
double, adj.
(Persian)

dubler, dublowac,
kontrowac,
podwoic,
podwojny,
podwojony,
sobowtor, double;
pod, ponizej,
przy, u dolu,
wobec, under
(Polish)

diplos, diplasiazo
(Greek)
dyfish, kopje [e një
personi], thesë e
fortë, kthim,
dyfishim, prapsim,
dyshe, cift, ecje e
shpejtë, krëvat
dopio, vrap i lehtë,
double [n], poshtë,
under, adv.
(Albanian)

duplex, double; sub = under

dwbl (dyblau) [m],
double (Welsh)
sosia, double; suisare,
to misrepresent, alter
(Italian)
double; sous, prep.
under, beneath, on,
upon (French)

double [<duplex]?

kaJcuka [m.f.], adj.,
coat of mail, bodice,
jacket; kavaca [m],
armour, mail, jacket,
the bark of a tree;
kUrpAsak [m], jacket,
bodice

kazagand
(Persian)

kurtka, marynarka,
jacket (Polish)

fousta, skirt;
ypostirizo,
bastazo, ypofero,
sustain (Greek)
mbaj, mbështes,
mbështet, përkrah,
ndihmoj, to
support (Albanian)

suesco, suescere, suevi,
suetum, to become
accustomed; suetus-a
um, customary, usual

amwyn, to contend,
seize, defend, support;
ategu, to confirm,
support, endorse;
cefnogi, to encourage,
support, back,
espouse, endorse;
cynnal, to sustain,
maintain, operate,
undertake, uphold,
keep (Welsh)
sostenere, to support,
sustain; sottana [f],
skirt, casssock, soutane
(Italian)
soutenir, to support, to
sustain, to hold up,
maintain, affirm;
(French)

to support [<Lat.
supporto-are, to
carry], to sustain
[<Lat. sustineo
tinire -tinui
tentum, to hold
up]

x

zir, pâyin, adv.,
prep., under
(Persian)

pod, ponizej,
przy, u dolu,
wobec, under
(Polish)

apo kato, under
(Greek)
poshtë, më poshtë,
nën zero, below
(Albanian)

subter

goris, is, o dan, prep.,
below, beneath, under;
tan (dan) prep., under,
beneath, to, till, until,
as far (Welsh)
subordinato, sotto,
adv., prep.,under
(Italian)
soute [f], bunker; sous,
prep. au-dessous de,
dans; adv. dessous
under (French)

under [<OE
under], below
[<ME bilooghe],
beneath [<OE
binithan]

spR, spRNoti,
spRNute, to loosen,
free from, rescue, save,
attract, win; rakS,
rakSati, -te, to protect,
guard, keep, save from,
take care of

rahâyi baxsidan,
pasandâz kardan,
to save (Persian)

zbawiciel, savior;
ochronic,
oszczedzic,
uratowac,
zachowac, save
(Polish)

sozo, glytono,
oikonomo,
apotamievo,
mazevo, ektos, to
save (Greek)
mbroj, shpëtoj,
mbaj, ruaj, kursej,
mënjanoj, heq, vë
mënjanë, to save;
shpëtimtar,
shpëtues, savior
[n] (Albanian)

soter-eris [m], savior;
libero-are, to set free;
eripo -ipere -ripui
reptum, to snatch
away tear out, servo
are, to watch over,
observe, keep, protect,
save, to keep to

achubwr-au [m],
achubydd-ion [m],
savior, rescuer;
arbedwr (arbedwyr)
[m], miser, savior;
ceidwad [m], keeper,
savior, custodian,
curator; gwaredwr [m],
savior; iachawdwr [m],
savior; safio, to save;
sbario, to spare, save;
arbed, to spare, save (a
life), avoid, obviate
(Welsh)
salvare, to save;
salvatore [m], savior;
sottrari, to snatch
(Italian)
sauver, to save; saveur
[m] saver, savior
(French)

savior? to save
[<Lat. salvare;
salvus-a-um, safe,
unhurt, well, all
right]; guard
[<OFr. guarder]; spare [<OE sparian, to leave unharmed]

viSayI kR; viSTArin,
adj. spread; prastIrNa,
adj., spread, extended,
flat; stIrNa, adj.
spread, scattered,
strewen

... vî ... jas
(Avestan)
pahn kardan,
gostardan, paxs
kardan, to spread
(Persian)

przestrzen,
rozciagac,
rozposcierac,
rozprzestrezeniac
rozprzestrzenienie,
rozrzut, spread,
szerzenie, szerzyc,
spread (Polish)
platint (Baltic
Sudovian)

xaplono, diadido
(Greek)
shtru, shtroj, hap,
shpalos, to spread
(Albanian)

spado-onis [m] an
eunnuch spargo,
sparger, sparsi,
sparsum, to scatter,
sprinkle, spread,
dissipate

chwalu, to scatter,
spread, disperse,
dispel, dash to pieces;
gwasgaru, to scatter,
disperse, spread;
ymledu, to spread,
expand; hulio, to cover,
spread; lledu, to wisen,
expand, spread, dilate,
(Welsh)
sgànraich, va. scare,
affright so as to cause
dispersion; sgaioil,
va. and vn. stretch out,
extend, spread, expand,
enlarge, send away,
loose; sgap, va. scatter,
disperse (Scott)
spandersi, vt.,
spandare, vi., to
spread, to diffuse, to
send forth (Italian)
répandre, to scatter,
spread; étendre;
dispersion [f] (French)

to spread [<OE
spraeden], to
diffuse, to scatter,
strew [<OE
strewian]

tarj, tarjati, to threaten,
menace, abuse, revile;
tarjayati,-te, to deride,
mock, frighten, terrify;
tras, trasati (-te) &
trasyati (-te), to
tremble, quake, be
afraid of; shake,
agitate, frighten, scare;
vip, vepate, to
tremble, quake,
vibrate, take fright

tars, harâs [n],
tarsândan, to
frighten (Persian)

nastraszyc,
przestraszyc,
frighten (Polish)

tromos, fobos,
skiachtro, fright
tromos, terror
(Greek)
frikësoj,
frikësohem, tremb,
to frighten
(Albanian)

exterrere, to frighten;
terror, pavor, fright

brawychu, to frighten,
terrify, terrorize;
dychryn, to frighten;
gwylltio, to frighten,
enrage (Welsh)
spavento [m] fright,
fear, terror; spaurire,
vt., to frighten;
spavaldo, adj. bold.
(Italian)
épouvanter, terrifier
(French)

to frighten [<OE fyrhto, fright]?

Azas [f], wish,
expectation, hope;
zAs, zAsti, zAste
(zAsati, -te), to
chasten, punish,
correct rule, govern,
manage, direct,
instruct, order,
proclaim, fortell, wish,
pray, hope for, expect
from

omid [n], omidvâr
budan, to hope
(Persian)

miec nadzieje,
nadzieja,
spodziewac sie,
hope (Polish)

elpizo, elpida,
hope; anamoni,
prosdokia,
expectation
(Greek)
kam shpresë,
shpresoj, besoj që,
uroj që, to hope
(Albanian)

sperare, to hope; spes
-ei [f], hope,
expectations, both
good and bad

gobaith (gobeithion)
[m], hope; gobeithio, to
hope; disgwyliad-au
[m], expectation
(Welsh)
sperare, to hope
(Italian)
ésperer, to hope
(French)

expectation [<Lat.
expectare, to
expect], hope
[<OE hopian],
foreboding

deya, to be given,
granted, married,
restored, committed,
to present, pay; dA,
dadAti, datte, dadati,
te (dAti, dadmi), to
give, grant, bestow,
impart, offer, sacrifice

pardâxt kardan,
xarj kardan, besar
bordan, to spend
(Persian)

marnowac,
spedzac, spent,
trwonic, wydawac,
spend (Polish)

dapano,
xodevo, spend
(Greek)
shpenzoj, harxhoj,
kaloj, mbaroj,
prish, shter, to
spend (Albanian)

spisso-are, to make
thick; consumo-sumere
-sumpsi -sumptum, to
spend, employ, use
up; dispendere, to
weigh out

gwario, to spend,
expend, disburse;
treulio, to spend,
expend, wear, digest
(Welsh)
spendere, to spend;
speso, pp. (Italian)
dépenser, to spend
(French)

to spend [<Lat.
dispendere]? to
make thick?

hi, hinoti, hinute,
hinvati, to dispatch;
naucara, adj. going in a
ship [m] sailor

ferestâdan, ravâne
kardan, to send
(Persian)

ekspedycja, takze,
wyekspediowac,
wyslac, wyslka,
dispatch (Polish)

apostello,
apostoli (Greek)
shpie, soj, nis
(Albanian)

expedio-ire-ivi and -ii
itum, to free from a
snare, disengage, to get
things ready for action

anfon, to send,
dispatch, forward
(Welsh)
spedire (Italian)
expédier (French)
uija, to send (Hittite)

to dispatch [<OFr.
despechier], to
send, to ship

speto (spetv),
Script R219, R238
spetri, Script Z784

x

x

x

x

spina-ae [f], a thorn,
prickle; difficulties,
perplexities

spianare, to smooth, to
level, settle, raze,
demolish; spino [m],
thorn (Italian)
épine [f], thorn
(French)

name of the town,
Spina – ruins near
Venice

Spina, Script R542;
Spini, Script R584;
Spinia, Script R574;
Spinaom, Spinaum
(Spinavm), Script R596

meni, f. weapon,
thrust, punishment,
vengeance, anger,
wrath; see spAra3yati,
to loosen, separate,
save, win
bibha3rti, bha3rati, -te,
bharti, bhRta3, to bear,
bring forward, present,
thrust; RS, RSati
RSTa, push, thrust
put in, cover, fill; nud,
nudati, -te, thrust,
impel, drive away; gR,
girati, swallow, spit
out, eject

tof [n], tof kardan,
to spit; partâb
kardan, capândan,
gostardan, to
thrust; pisâmadegi,
birunoftâdegi,
protrusion
(Persian)

pluc, rozen, spat,
wypluc, spit;
sterczec,
wystawac,
protrude (Polish)
spurgas, bud,
young shoot
(Baltic-Sudovian)

othisi, sproximo,
thrust; spora, seed
(Greek)
ngull, shpoj, kërcej,
peshtyj (Albanian)

spuo, spuere, spui,
sputum, to spit out

poeri, to spit,
expectorate; had-au
[m], seed, issue;
stwffio, to stuff,
thrust, cram
(Welsh)
spor, va. incite, spur
on, instigate (Scott);
espurgare, to
expurgate, sputtare, to
spit; sporgere, to
thrust out, protrude
(Italian)
pouser, to push;
espurgier, to purge (French)
saligai, to spit (Hittite)

to thrust out, spit [<OE spittan]
out; to seed? Spew
out

udgIrNa, adj., spit out,
ejected, brought forth,
caused; ud, force up,
raise, root up or out,
dig or throw up, hang
one's self, beat, strike,
touch, destroy; vam,
vamiti, to vomit, spit
out, eject

tof [n], tof kardan,
to spit (Persian)

pluc, rozen, spat,
wypluc, spit
(Polish)

fus në hell, ngul,
shpoj, kërcej,
pështyj, nxjerr, to
spit; hell,
pështymë, spit [n]
(Albanian)

spuo, spuere, spui,
sputum, to spit out;
olens-entis, smelling,
fragrance

poeri, to spit,
expectorate; had-au
[m], seed, issue;
argoli (arogleuo), to
smell, give odor
(Welsh)
espurgare, to
expurgate, sputtare, to
spit; sporgere, to
thrust out, protrude
(Italian)
pouser, to push;
espurgier, to purge (French)
saligai, to spit (Hittite

it spews [<OE
spiwan, to vomit],
spit, out
fragrance; vomit
[Lat. vomo-ere]; spool [<MDu. spoele] out

sthA, tiSThati, -te,
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait;
avasthaatuM
sthaa, sthitaH (situated)

âstâya [â-stâ]
hishtahi [stâ]
(Avestan)
isttof [n], tof
kardan,
to istâdan, râst
sodan, pâydâri
kardan, to stand;
mândan, tâb
âvardan, negâh
dâstan, to stay
(Persian)

ostajati, zaustaviti,
stub (Serbo
Croatian)
stac, stoisko,
stojak, stood,
(Polish)
stajac, v. imp.
(Belarus)
stat, stalet
(Baltic-Sudovian)

stamato, stirigma
(Greek)
mbetem, rri,
permbaj, to stay
(Albanian)

sto, stare, steti, statum

sefyll, to stand, stop,
halt, pose; aros, to
wait, await, stay, stop,
remain, continue; trigo,
to stay, abide, dwell,
inhabit, die (Welsh)
fuirich, va.; fan, vn.
+tainn, stay (Scott)
chom, to stay; war-sav,
to be standing up,
(Breton)

stare (Italian);

stationare;
stationner (French)

lip (Tocharian)
ta-, tti-, stta-, to put, set (Lycian)

ista (Luwian)

to stand [<OE
standan], stay
[<Lat. stare, to
stand]

see Etruscan sta;
shataM, hundred

see Etruscan sta;

saite [sata]
satem, hundred (Avestan)
sad, adj. [n], hundred (Persian)

see Etruscan sta;
setka, sto, hundred (Polish)
sto, hundred
(Serbo-Croation)
simtas (Baltic
Lithuanian)

see Etruscan sta;
he-katon, hundred
(Greek)
njëquind, hundred,
quind (Albanian)

see Etruscan sta;
centum, hundred

see Etruscan sta;
cant (can) cannoedd,
cantoedd [m], hundred
(Welsh)
ceud hundred, (Scott)
kant, hundred (Breton)
cento (Italian)
cent, hundred (Fr.)
känt, hundred
(Tocharian)

hundred?

sto (stv),
Script Q303; or
cueto (cfetv)
Script Z1137

vrajin, adj., being in a
stable; vraja [m], fold,
shed, stable, station of
herds; herd, flock,
troop, multitude

âxor, stable [n],
stable; ostovâr,
seft, adj., serkat,
ostegân [n], firm
(Persian)

stabilny, stajnia,
stateczny, stable
(Polish)

statheros,
monimos, stablos,
stablizo, stable
(Greek)
ahur, stable [n]
(Albanian)

stabilis-e, firm, steady,
stable; stabulum-i,
habitation, quarters

ystabl-au [f], stable
(Welsh)
stabile (Italian)
stable, adj. (French)

stable, firm; a
building, stable?

yuj, yunakti, yuGkta,
yujate (see to bind
together) to yoke,
loosen, untie, sever
from, deprive of, join,
unite; pravibhakta
distributed, divided,
separate; spR,
spRNoti, spRNute,
loosen, rescue, save;
spAra3yati, attract,
win, alienate, tear
asunder, separate

bartari, barjastegi,
prominence; tude,
kume, xarman [n],
stack; partgâh, cliff (Persian)

komin, stog, stos,
ukladac w stos,
stack; urwisko,
cliff (Polish)
karpis, cliff;
aukara, craig
(Baltic-Sudovian)

apospo,
aposyndeo, detach;
apotomos,
krimnodis, steep;
skopos, prothesi,
blepsi, scope
(Greek)
cep, dominum,
klasifikoi, ndaj, a
prominence;
rrëpirë, skarpat, a
scarp; mullare,
qipi, pirg, tufë,
rafte, a stack
(Albanian)

scopulus-i [m], rock,
craig, cliff, danger, ruin

allt (elltydd) [f], hill,
hill-side, cliff, wood;
gallt (gelltydd) [f], hill,
cliff, wood; clogwyn-i
-au [m], cliff, crag,
precipice, bluff
beisgawn-au [f], stack
of sheaves (Welsh)
stac [m] steep cliff or
hill (Scott)
staccare, vi., stacco
[spicco] [m] relief,
prominence; scarpata,
[f], bluff, cliff, scarp
(Italian)
escarpé, adj. steep,
precipitous, sheer;
stage [m], stage
(French)

to detach,
separate, to put
off, to tear away,
to disconnect, to
take down; (a
stack? [<ON
stakkr]); a cape,
scarp [<Ital.
scarpa], dominance,
stack; raft [<ON
raptr, beam])

ihastha, adj., standing or staying here

istâde, static, adj.,
(Persian)

nieruchomy,
niezmienny,
stayczny, static
(Polish)

statikos, static
(Greek)
pozitë, rang,
rëndësi, standing
[n]; i
pandryshueshëm,
në prehje, static,
adj. (Albanian)

sto, stare, steti, statum

safiad [m], standing, stature, stand, halt (Welsh)
statico, adj. static
(Italian);
statique, adj. static
(French)

static, standing

statita
Script Q183, Q174,
R530, R664

glA, glAyati, to be
loth, displeased, averse
to, wearied, exhausted,
fade away, wearied,
faded, withered; mlA,
mlAyati, -te (mlAti),
to relax, languish,
wither, fade, decay;
zuS, zuSyati (-te), to
be dry, wither, fade,
make dry up, parch,
emaciate, afflict,
destroy; pANDu, adj.,
white, pale

pazmorde [n],
pazmordan,
kamrang sodan, to
fade; rangparide,
kamrang, zard,
adj., pale (Persian)

blaknac, plowiec,
wiednac, zanikac,
fade; blady,
granica, plot,
sztacheta,
zblednac, pale
(Polish)

marainomai,
xethoriazo,
exantloumai, fade;
ochros, chlomos,
palouki, ochrio,
chlomiazo,
perifrasso, pale
(Greek)
i fishkur, i venitur,
i flashkët, i
zbërdhulët, i
shpëlarë, faded adj.
(Albanian)

palleo-ere, to be pale
or yellow; pallor-oris
[f] paleness, fading

diflannu, to disappear,
vanish, fade, flee; edwi
(edwino) to fade,
wither, decay; gwywo,
to wither, fade; gwelwi,
to pale (Welsh)
stingere, to fade; stinto,
adj. faded (Italian);
dépérir, to fade French)

to fade [<OFr.
fader], faded

samarekha, adj.,
straight-lined, straight;
Rju [f], straight, right,
upright, honest;
praguNay, -yati, to set
right, make straight

râst, dorost,
yekrâst, straight,
adj., adv. (Persian)

elastycznosc,
naciagnac, napiac,
naprezyc, przeciag,
rozciagnac,
rozciagniecie,
rozpietosc, stretch
(Polish)

eythys, isios,
kateytheian,
straight; tentono,
ekteino,
ekteinomai,
tentoma, stretch;
sfigko, tentono,
tighten (Greek)
i drejtë, i ciltër, në
rregull, adj.; drejt,
adv. vijë drejtë [n],
straight (Albanian)

sterno, stenere, stravi,
stratum, to stretch
over, spread, lie down,
make smooth,
overthrow, calm,
strew; strictus, tight;
stringo, stringere,
strinxi, strictum, to
draw together, affect,
draw weapon, touch
upon

syth (seth) [f], adj.,
stiff, erect,
perpendicular, straight
(Welsh)
stretta, tightening hold
streto [m] straight [m],
adj. narrow, tight, close
(Italian)
serrer, to tighten,
étroit, adj. straight, narrow (French)

straight, to stretch
[<OE streccan],
to strew [<OE
strewian]

sUtray, -yati, to put
together, arrange, make
into a, perform,
compose, drive away,
remove; rac, racayati,
to produce, form,
make, contrive,
arrange, produce,
cause, effect, compose,
write

ârâstan, pirâstan,
râyânidan, to
arrange (Persian)

klasyfikowac,
planowac,
rozmieszczac,
ukladac, urzadzac,
zalatwiac,
zorganizowac,
arrange (Polish)

katatasso,
kanonizo,
dieytheto, arrange (Greek)
caktoj, rregulloj,
fiksoj, ndreq, marr
vesh, ujdis, bëj
plan; aranzhoj
[mus.], vendos,
zgjdih, to arrange
(Albanian)

struo, struere, struxi,
structum, to put
together, arrange, pile
up, build, erect, devise;
stropha-ae [f], a trick,
artifice

trefnu, to arrange,
order, organize,
marshall (Welsh)
disporre, combinare,
adattare, comporre,
arrange (Italian)
arranger, disposer,
arrange; empiler, stack
(French)

name; possibly
with the prefix: to
put together,
arrange [<OFr.
arangier], pile up,
build, erect,
devise; a trick,
artifice

das, dasyati, to suffer
want, languish,
exhaust, consume, be
wanting, fail; mRS,
mRSyate, not heed,
forget, suffer, bear, put
up with, endure,
forgive, pardon

dastxose degarguni
sodan, degargun
sodan, to undergo
ranj bordan, tan
dardâdan, dard
kasidan, to suffer
(Persian)

cierpiec, tolerowac,
znosic, suffer
(Polish)

yfistamai, ypofero,
undergo; ypofero,
pascho, suffer
(Greek)
kaloj, pësoj, heq, to
undergo; lejoj, vuaj,
ndjej, provoj, to
suffer (Albanian)

subeo-ire-li or ivi-itum

dioddef, to suffer, bear,
endure, wait; goddef, to
bear, suffer, endure,
tolerate, permit, let
(Welsh)
subire (Italian)
subir (French)

to undergo, suffer
[<Lat. suffero,
sufferre, to hold
up, support,
endure, suffer]

mRdu [f], soft, tender,
delicate, mild, gentle,
weak, moderate;
madhya, adj., middle,
central, moderate,
indifferent, neutral

virân kardan, to
undermine;
miyâneravi,
modârâ,
moderation [n]
(Persian)

podkopac,
undermine;
powsciagac,
spowalniac,
umiarkowany,
uspokajac,
wstrzemiezliwy,
moderate (Polish)

egkratis, iremos,
sobaros, nifalios,
sober; yponomevo,
undermine (Greek)
gërryej themeli,
gërmoj nën të,
minoj, to
undermine,
(Albanian)

subruo-ruere-ruui
rutum, to undermine;
sobrius-a-um, sober,
moderate, frugal;
modero-are, to
regulate, restrain, keep
within bounds

cymedrol, adj.
moderate, temperate;
dirwestol, adj.,
temperate; tymherus,
adj. temperate;
tanseilio, to undermine
(Welsh)
sobrio, adj. temperate,
moderate (Italian)
sobre, adj. sober,
moderate, temperate
(French)

to undermine,
overthrow,
destroy; sober,
moderate

kSud, kSodati, pound,
shatter, shake, stamp
upon, dash to pieces
{kSoda3yati} shake,
crush

larzes [n],
larzidan, takân
dâdan, to shake
(Persian)

drzec, luz,
potrazasac,
potrzasanie, shook,
trzasc, wstrzas,
shake (Polish)

seio, tinasso,
tinagma, shake
(Greek)
lëkund, tund,
fërgëlloj, përkund,
lëkundem, shkund,
dridhem, shtrëngoj,
dredh, lehtësoj,
trondit, troshis,
tallandis, to shake
(Albanian)

succutio-cutere-cussi
cussm, to shake from
beneath

cysgogi, to shake,
move; siglo, to shake,
quake, rock, swing
(Welsh)
scuotere, scroilare, to
shake (Italian)
secouer, branler,
trembler, to shake
(French)

by his, Kato; or to
shake [<OE
sceacan], from
beneath

sukatv (svkatv),
Script Q755 –
su Kato?

naT, naTati, to dance,
play, perform, {ud}
play a trick; chadman,
disguise, plea, pretext,
trick, deceit, fraud;
mAyA [f], art,
supernatural power,
wile, trick, deceit,
sorcery, illusion; yoga
[m], yoking, team,
harnessing, drive,
yoke, fitting out,
means, expedient,
trick, stratagem, art,
fraud, deceit, magic

neyrang, râze kâr,
[n], neyrang
zadan, to trick
(Persian)

figiel, lewa,
oszukiwac,
podstep, psota,
sztuka, trik, trick
(Polish)

technasma, trik,
apati, trick
(Gtreek)
dredhi, mashtrim,
hile, yckël, marifet,
lojë, rreng, iluzion,
shaka, trick
(Albanian)

stropha-ae [f], a trick,
artifice; strophium-i, a
breast-band, a
headband, chaplet

sgil [m?], ploy,
strategem, skill; tric-iau
[m], trick, hoax
(Welsh)
strofa, strofe [f],
strophe (Italian)
strophe [f], strophe
(French)

strophe? name?
trick? [<ONFr.
trikier, to deceive]

laGgh, laGghati, -te, to
leap, spring over, go
beyond, travel over,
mount, ascend, escape,
transgress, surpass

besyâr xub,
bâsokuh, superb,
adj. (Persian)

nad, ponad,
powyzej, above;
doskonaly,
wspanialy, superb
(Polish)

epi pleon,
moreover (Greek)
madhështor,
superb (Albanian)

supra

fry, adv. above, aloft
rhagori, to excel,
exceed, surpass, outdo,
predominate (Welsh)
superare, to surpass,
overcome, exceed,
pass (Italian)
superbe, adj. superb
(French)

over, above,

besides, beyond,
moreover

tark, tarkayati, to
suppose, conjecture,
guess, reflect, regard,
think of; kal, kalayati (
te) & kAlayati, to
drive, impel, carry,
bear, do, make, cause,
suppose, think; man,
manyate, -ti, manute,
to think, believe,
imagine, consider,
observe, suppose

gomân bordan, to
surmise (Persian)

przypuszczac,
sadzic, suppose
(Polish)

pano, pano apo,
above; ypotheto,
suppose (Greek)
mendoj, supozoj,
to suppose
(Albanian)

supra, adv. over, on
the top; of time,
before, previously;
above, more, beyond;
opino-ari and opino-
re, to suppose, be of
opinion

tebygu, toliken,
resemble, assimilate,
suppose (Welsh)
supporre, to suppose,
to surmise (Italian);
supposer, to suppose
(French)

to suppose?
above?

supro (svpro)
Script Q661

tIkSNadaNDa,
bhRzadaNDa, adj.,
inflicting severe
punishment; dAruNa,
to be hard, rough,
harsh, cruel, severe

saxt, saxtgir,
saxtgir, bipirâye,
adj. severe
(Persian)

ostry, powazna,
srogi, surowy,
uporczywa, severe
(Polish)

spoudaios,
sobaros, serious;
afstiros, severe;
afstiros, blosyros,
stern (Greek)
i ashpër, i rreptë, i
sertë, i rëndë, i
vrazhdë, adj.,
severe; pupë, stern [n] (Albanian)

severus-a-um, grave,
serious, strict, stern,
hard; adv. severe

manwl, adj. exact,
precise, strict; caled
-ion, adj. hard, difficult,
firm, severe, harsh;
dygn, adj. hard, severe,
grievous, dire,
pernicious; egr, adj.
sharp, sour, severe,
savage; gerwin, adj.
rough, severe, harsh
(Welsh)
severo, adj. strict,
severe; sferrara, vt. to
unshoe a horse; to
deliver a blow; sviare,
to deviate, avert, lead
astray (Italian);
sévère, adj. severe;
éviter, to avoid, avert
(French)

Severus, a name of
an Etruscan queen
/ king; to be
severe; to turn
side, swerve [<OE
sweorfan], veer,
[<OFr. virer]