senatus-us [or-i] a
council of elders, the Senate; senatus [senati] consultum, a formal resolution of the Senate; senectus-a-um,
old age [f]; senecta-ae, old age; nodo-are, to knot; dissolvo -solvere solvi -solutum, to
loosen, undo, destroy

senedd-au [f], senate, parliament; hynafgwr, [m], old man, elder; datod, to undo, untile, loose, dissolve (Welsh)
seanadh [m], synod (Scott)
senato [m] senate
house; annodare, to knot, tie; snodare, to untie, loosen, undo, snodarsi get untied (Italian)
sénat [m, senat; dénouer, untie (French)

sanaj, sanaka (ablat.) adj. old, ancient; jIri [f], old age; Azina, jUrya, adj., aged; mah,
great, mighty, strong, abundant, old, aged [f], the earth, ground, soil,
land, etc.

hano (Avestan)
kohan, sâlxorde,
pir, old, adj.;
bâstâni, kohan,
dirine, adj.,
bâstâni [n],
ancient (Persian)

star, starinski
(Serbo-Croation)
dawny, stary
(Polish)
stary (Belarus)
SENIN, azur, clear, serene (Romanian)

henne (Greek)
vieç (Albanian)

senex, senile, aged; senectus -a-um, old age [f]; senecta-ae, old age

hen, adj. old, ancient, aged; oedrannus, adj.
aged, old (Welsh)
aosda, aged; sean,
adj. old, aged, ancient (Scott);
kozh, yen (Breton) senato [m], senate;
senilita, senility;
vecchio, old; snidare, to drive out, unbarrow
(Italian)
sénat [m], senate;
sénile, adj. senile;
vieux, vielle [m], old age, elderly, adj. (French)
ksaise, old (Tocharian)

old [<OE eald], aged [<Lat. aetas-atis [f], age]

sentina-ae, bilge-water, rabble, dregs of the population

x

Sentinates,  name

Sentinates, Script LS-1

saptatha, saptama [f], the seventh.

haft, adj., [n],
seven; jodâyi,
duri, gosixtegi,
separation [n]
(Persian) ewt'n (Armenian)

siedem, seven;
indywidualny,
oddzielick,
oddzielny,
osobny, rozlaczyc,
wziac, separacje,
seperate (Polish)
septyni
(Baltic-Lithuanian)

epta, seven;
chorizo,
diachorizo,
choristos, separate
(Greek)
shtatë, seven
(Albanian)

separo-aro, to sever, separate, consider or
treat separately;
septem, seven; diu,
adv. by day, for a long time; rivus-i [m] stream; saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptum, to hedge in, enclose, surround, confine;
saeptum-i, enclosure where the Romans voted at the comitis;
saepe, often,
frequently

didoli, to separate, segregate, insulate;
gwahanu, to divide, part, separate; neilltuo,
to separate, isolate, set apart; ymrannu, to divide, part, separate, diverge, ramify; saith,
adj. seven (Welsh)
separare, to separate, to part; giorno, giornate, day; sette, seven; spesso, often; (Italian);
séparer, to divide,
separate; jour [m], day; diurne, adj. diurnas, day; rio [m] brook, creek; sept, seven; rive
[f], bank, shore, strand; souvent, often (French)
sukt (Tocharian)

seven,[<OE
seofan], seventh day or seventh river, enclosure;
possibly a name, Seprius

khan, khanati, -te, to
dig, dig up, delve,
bury; dhA, dadhAti,
dhatte; dadhati, -te,to put, set, lay, think of, cause, bear, set upon (esp. the fire), hide, conceal, cover, cause to
be laid in, shut up

nikañte [ni-kan],
to bury; daxma [-], grave (Avestan)
bexâk sepordan,
to bury; sepordan = entrust, resign,
surrender
(Persian)

pochowac,
pogrzebac,
zakopac, bury
(Polish)
SĂPA, to hoe, to destroy, to ruin
(Romanian)

thabo, bury
nekrotafeio,
cemetery (Greek)
groposje, varrim,
burial; shtie në
gropë, varros,
gropos, fsheh, fus, rras, to bury
(Albanian)

sepelio-pelire-pelivi and pelti-peltum, to bury, ruin, destroy;
sepulchra-orum,
cemetery

claddu, to bury,
entomb, inter; claddfa,
(claddfeydd) [f], burial ground, cemetrery; golo, to conceal, bury;
bedd-au-i [m], beddrod au [m], grave, tomb, sepulcher (Welsh)
sepolcreto [m],
cemetery; sepolcro [m], sepulcher (Italian):
sépulcre [m],
sepulcher; cimetière [m], cemetery (French)

to bury [<OE
byrgan], to ruin, destroy, buried;

xziS, zeSati, to join,
connect; saMdhay,
yati, to put together,
join with, make peace; mil, milati, to meet, assemble, join, mix, combine; yat, yatati, te, to join, connect,
unite; tandra [n],
series, line; gaNa [m], troop, crowd, host, tribe, suit, retinue, flock, series, line; Avali [f], row, range,
series; niyut [f], team of horses, series, row, gift; tantra [n], loom,
the warp, anything
continuus, series

peyvastan,
hamkâri kardan,
to join; reste,
series, adj.
fesordan,
calândan
(Persian)

dolaczyc sie,
laczyc, polaczyc
sie, wstapic w
szeregi, join; ciag,
seria, szereg, series (Polish)
ŞURUB, screw, bolt (Romanian)

enono, syndevo,
pairno meros, join (Greek)
koleksion, seri,
radhë, varg, series [n]; lidh, bashkoj, futem,
bashkohem,
anëtarësohem,
shkruhem, kufizoj me, shkoj me, shoqërohem,
shrihet në, to join
(Albanian)

sero-serere, serui,
sertum

aesthu, to join; asio, to join, piece, weld,
cement; cydio, to join, connect, link; cyslltu, to connect, join, link, knit; uno, to join, unite, affiliate; ymaelodi, to
become a member, join;
ymuno, to join, unite (Welsh)
serrare, to join together
(Italian)
serrer, to press, to
tighten, to squeeze, to
crowd, close (French)
iukan, to yoke (Hittite)

to join [<Lat.
iungo, iungere,
iunxi, iunctum, to join] together, put in a row, unite
[<LLat. unire]

ser, Scripts
TC241, AT-13, S15
Seramo (SERAMV)  name, Seramus; Script Z64
SeRAN, TC28,
K79 –this may be
a reflexive verb,
"ran";
SeREN, Script Z-8, Z30, Z163, Z180, Z336, Z1021, Z1846, Z1861, AH-2 (See SeREN below)
SEReN, Script L-1;
serev, sereb
(SERE8), Script
N647, N738, N748;
seri, Script Z289, Z462, Z463, Z543, R359
sero (SERV) Script S50
serot (SERVT) Script L-2

prasphuTa, manifest,
clear; dhArapUta, clear as water; suprakAza,
very bright or clear;
cikit, visible, clear;
prasannAtman, of
gracious or tranquil
mind

ârâmes, âsudegi,
serenity [n]
pâludan, rowsan
kardan, to clarify; ârâm, âsude, bijonbes, tranquil, adj. (Persian)

oczyscic,
wyjasnic,
wyklarowac,
clarify; cichy,
sielankowy,
spokojny, tranquil
(Polish)

galinio, iremos,
katharos, satis,
katharizo, clear
(Greek)
shapem, spastroj,
qëroj, to clarify, i
qärtë, i qetë,
serene, tranquil (Albanian)

sereno-are

egluro, to make clear, explain, clarify; clirio,
to clear; teru, to clear, refine, clarify; distaw,
silent, quiet, reticent; llonydd, quiet, still, placid; tawel, quiet, calm, still, tranquil (Welsh)
bith, adj. quiet,
tranquil, silent (Scott);
sereno [m], serene
(Italian)
serein, adj. serene, placid; sérénité [f] serenity (French)
parkunu, to clear;
parkui, pure, clean (Hittite)

to make clear
[<Lat. clarus-a
um, clear, bright], make bright, fair weather, eclair, a pastry [<OFr.
esclair, lightning]
serene, quiet
[<Lat. quietus -a -um, resting]

dadhidrapsa [m], whey of sour milk; gorasa [m], cows milk, milk; kSIra [n], milk (also of
plants); Udhasya,
milking; n. milk

sir, milk [n],
dusidan, to milk (Persian)

serwatka, whey
(Polish)

gala, armego, milk (Greek)
hittë, thartor,
whey; lëng,
qumësht, gji, milk mjel, jap qumësht,
to milk (Albanian)

serum-i; lac-lactis, milk

maidd (meiddion) [m], gleision, whey; blith
-ion [m], milk; llaeth (lleithion) [m], milk,
buttermilk (Welsh)
siero del latte, whey; siero, serum; latte [m],
milk (Italian)
petit-lait [m], whey; lait [m], milk; sérum,
serum (French)

whey [<OE
hwaeg]; see also, "ser," .i.e., "we join together"; milk [<OE milc]

x

x

x

x

x

x

Seriphus, island in the western
Cyclades? See ser above.

SaSTha [f], sixth; the sixth hour of the day

sasom, sixth [n] (Persian)

szosta czesc,
szosty, sixth
(Polish)
ŞASE, six (Romanian)

i gjashtë, sixth
(Albanian)

sextus

chwech, six, chweched,
adj. sixth (Welsh)
sesto, adj. [m] (Italian);
sieziéme (French)

sixth [<OE siex, six]

sad, sIdati, to sit, seat one's self (esp. for a sacrifice), lie down, around or in wait for, be overcome, fall into
trouble, distress or
despair, decay, vanish; sthA, tiSThati, -te, to
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait; As, Aste, to sit, seat one's self on, settle down, keep quiet, rest, lie, dwell,
stay, remain

âste [âh, åñh]
(Avestan)
nesastan, to sit
(Persian)

sat, sate
(Serbo-
Croatian)
sat, siadac,
siedziec, sit
(Polish)
siadac, v. imp., sit
down; siadziec, v.
imp., sit (Belarus)
sesta, seat; sestun,
to sit (Baltic-
Sudovian)
ŞEDE, he/she sits; SAT, SATUL, village, the village (Romanian)

kathomai (Greek)
ulem, rri ulur, rri
kllockë, qëndroj
(Albanian)

sedeo, sedere, sedi

eistedd, to sit, seat
(Welsh)
sedere, vt. (Italian)
siège [m], seat;
s'asseoir, to sit
(French)
aha-A (Lydian)
as- (Hittite)
asati, astti (Lycian)

to sit [<OE sittan]

seti, Script Z1835
setio (SETIV) Script CJ-9
setis, Script XB-16
SEToM, SETuM,
(SETvM), Script
TC103

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether, conj. (Persian)

czy, gdyby, jesli,
jezeli, o ile, if
(Polish)
SAU, or, or else, SEU,  SĂU, his, her

ean, an, if (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep., (Albanian)

sive and seu

ai, os, if, whether; pe, conj. (Welsh)
se, (Italian)
si, adj. (French)

if [<OE gif],
whether [<OE
hwhether]

x

x

x

Zeus (Greek)

x

x

Zeus, name of
Greek god?

Seus, Seos (SEVS),
Script Z336, Z446, Z1591, Z1861, P-2

siv, sIvyati, -te, to sew

duxt
(Yagnobian)
duxtan, to sew
(Persian)

siti, sew;
vidi sev (sewn,
(Serbo-Croatian)
sewed, szyc, sew
(Polish)
syc, v. imp.
(Belarus)
shut (Baltic
Sudovian)

rabo, to sew;
syndevo, to join
(Greek)
qep, to sew; thur,
to stitch; ilik, syth, thile, stitch
(Albanian)

suo, suere, sui, sutum,
to sew, stitch, join
together; suesco -
suescere, suevi,
suetum, to be
accustomed; sudo-are, to sweat, to drip with
moisture

gwni, to sew, stitch (Welsh)
fuaigh, stitch, knit, connect (Scott)
suturare, vi, to stitch, cucire, vi. to sew; unire, vi., to join, sudare, to sweat (Italian):
coudre, piquer, to
stitch; brocher, to sew; unir, joiner, to join, suturer, to suture suer [f] sweat (French)

to sew [<OE
seowian], to
stitch, join
together; to
sweat, to toil?

tIkSNadaNDa,
bhRzadaNDa, adj.,
inflicting severe
punishment; dAruNa, to be hard, rough, harsh, cruel, severe

saxt, saxtgir,
saxtgir, bipirâye,
adj. severe
(Persian)

ostry, powazna,
srogi, surowy,
uporczywa, severe
(Polish)

spoudaios,
sobaros, serious;
afstiros, severe;
afstiros, blosyros, stern (Greek)
i ashpër, i rreptë, i sertë, i rëndë, i
vrazhdë, adj.,
severe; pupë, stern [n] (Albanian)

severus-a-um, grave, serious, strict, stern,
hard; adv. severe

manwl, adj. exact,
precise, strict; caled-ion, adj. hard, difficult,
firm, severe, harsh; dygn, adj. hard, severe,
grievous, dire,
pernicious; egr, adj. sharp, sour, severe, savage; gerwin, adj.
rough, severe, harsh (Welsh)
severo, adj. strict,
severe; sferrara, vt. to unshoe a horse; to deliver a blow; sviare,
to deviate, avert, lead astray (Italian);
sévère, adj. severe; éviter, to avoid, avert
(French)

Severus, a name of an Etruscan queen / king; to be severe; to turn side, swerve [<OE
sweorfan], veer,
[<OFr. virer]

x

x

x

x

sullus-a-um, a swine

maiale, porco, [m]
swine (Italian);
porc, cuchon [m]
(French)

Sulla, a name?

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, gdyby, jesli,
jezeli, o ile, if
(Polish)
ŞI, and; SIEŞI, himself  (Romanian)

an, ean, kata poso, whether (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep., (Albanian)

si

ai, os, if, whether; pe, conj. (Welsh)
se, (Italian)
si, adj. (French)

if [<OE gif],
whether [<OE
hwhether]

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether, conj. (Persian)

czy, whether
(Polish)

an, ean, kata poso, whether (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep., (Albanian)

sive, seu

ai, os, if, whether; pe, conj. (Welsh)
sia, conj. whether
(Italian)

whether

zuS, zuSati, to blow,
hiss (of a snake); hiss, whistle, yell, gasp, exert one's self, endeavour; zvas, zvasiti, zvasati, -te, to
blow, bluster, hiss,
whistle, snort, breathe, sigh, gasp, groan

sut, nây [n], sut
kasidan, to whistle
(Persian)

gwizd, gwizdac,
gwizdek, whistle
(Polish)

sfyrigma,
sfyrichtra, sfyrizo, whistle (Greek)
fishkëllej,
fërshëllej, to hiss, whistle (Albanian)

sibilo-are

hisian (hisi-); hysian hysio), to hiss, set on, incite; chwythu, to blow, fan, blast, inflate, breathe, puff, hiss
(Welsh)
sibilare (Italian)
siffler (French)

to hiss [<ME hissen], whistle [<OE hwistlian]?

x

bedingune,
bedinsân, azinru,
thus, adv.
(Persian)

tak, tak wiec, w
ten sposob, thus
(Polish)

etsi, thus (Greek)
kështu, kaq, në,
këtë mënyrë, pra,
si rrjedhim, thus
(Albanian)

sic

felly, adv. therefore, so, thus, accordingly;
fel, conj, prep. like, so, as that, thus, how
(Welsh)
cosi, come segue, thus (Italian);
ainsi, adv., donc, thus; thus far, jusqu'ici
(French)

so [<OE swa],
thus [<OE thus], in this way, like this, as follows, in
that case, to such a degree

x

x

Sycylia, Sicily (Polish)

x

Sicilia-ae [f] [Siculi]
orum [m. pl], Sicily; Siculus -a-um, Sicilian;

x

Sicilian, Sicily?

kAraNa, adj., cause,
reason, motive, sign,
mark, document,
proof; liGga [n], mark, sign, emblem,
badge,characteristic,
proof, idol, gender;
cihva [n], sign, mark; cihvay, -yati, to mark, stamp, sign

nesâne, padide,
sign [n] (Persian)

godlo, objaw,
podpisac, reklama,
skinac, szyld,
wskazowka,
znaczyc, znak,
sign (Polish)
SEMNA, to sign (Romanian)

simeio, nevma,
pinakida, ypografo,
nevo, sign; simeio,
emporiko sima,
bathmos,
symeiono,
bathmologo, mark
(Greek)
firmos, nënshkruaj,
angazhoj, marr me kontratë; bëj shenjë to sign (Albanian)

signo-are, to sign;
signum-i, sign

arwyddo, to sign,
signify, connote,
indicate; llofnodi
(llawnodi), to sign; marcio, to mark (Welsh)
segno [m], sign; segnare (Italian)
signe [m] sign; signer (French)

to mark [<OE
mearc], inscribe, to sign

tUSNIbhAva [m],
silence; niHzabda, adj. noiseless, silen;
silence; avyAhRta [n], not speaking, silence

xâmusi, ârâmes,
silence [n]
(Persian)

cichy, milczacy,
silent (Polish)
SILĂ, I have enough of something, someboby

erlent, adj. silent
(Albanian)

sileo-ere-ui

tawedog, adj. silent, taciturn, reticent; tewi,
to be silent; distewi, to
be silent, calm, quiet, to hush (Welsh)
silenzio [m] silence,
quiet (Italian)
silence[m], silence
(French)

to be still [<OE still], silent, quiet; hush [Prob. <ME husht, silent]

adri [m], rock, stone, esp. bruising or hurling stone; mountain, cloud; zAra [f], mottled, spotted; [m], a stone used at games;
pASANa [m]

sange âtaszane,
xârâ, sange xârâ,
flint [n]; partgâh,
cliff (Persian)

tsakmakopetra,
flint (Greek)
gur stralli, gur
cakmaku, strall,
gurickë, flint
(Albanian)

fflint, flint; callestr [f],
flint; carreg (cerrig) [f],
stone (Welsh)
silice [f], flint (Italian)
silex [m], flint (French)

hard stone, flint [<OE flint], craig, rock, cliff

zak, zaknoti, to be
able, assist

x

byc, be (Polish)
SÎNT, I am (Romanian)

eimai, briskomai,
to be (Greek)
ekzistoj, jam,
gjendem, ndodhem, gjej, vazhdoj të rri, qëndroj, shkoj,
zhvillohem, to be
(Albanian)

sim

bod, to be, exist (Welsh)
sia (Italian)
sois (French)
asa, sa (Nesian, es), to be (Hittite)

to be, 1st person sing., subj.,"I am"

x

harcand, garce,
vali, adv., conj., however (Persian)

inaczej, w inny
sposob, w
prezeciwnym
razie, otherwise;
jakkolwiek,
jednak, jednakze,
however (Polish)
SINE, self (Romanian)

omos, however
(Greek)
megjithatë, mirëpo, prapseprap, por,
however
(Albanian)

sin; but if, if however;
sino, sinere, sivi,
situm, to let alone

hagen, conj. but,
moreover, however
(Welsh)
sino, until, as far as, up to, down to, as much as (Italian)
sinon, else, or else, otherwise, if not, except, unless (French)

but if, if however;
without; to let
alone, leave, allow, to let;

x

parde, curtain [n]; parcin, band, hedge [n]; bârhâ,
adv. often
(Persian)

czesto, often
(Polish)

sychna, polles
fores, often
(Greek)

saepe, often;
saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptu, to hedge in

aml (amal), adv. often, adj., frequent, abundant
(Welsh)
sipario [m], a curtain; spesso, often (Italian):
rideau [m], a curtain; souvent, often (French)

often [<OE oft], frequently; to enclose, hedge in, surround, confine

x

gilâs, cherry [n] (Persian)

czeresnia, wisnia,
cherry (Polish)
visnaitas (Baltic-
Sudovian)
CIREŞ, cherry (Romanian)

kerasi (Greek)
qershi (Albanian)

cerasus-i [f], cherry

ceiriosen (ceirios) [f], cherry (Welsh)
siris [f] (Scott)
cillegia [f] (Italian)
cerise [f], cherry
(French)

cherry [<Gk.
kerasos, cherry
tree]

vananA [f], desire;
IpsA, eSTi; varasyA, [f], wish, desire; kAmita [n],
wish, desire; tAma
[m], longing, desire;

meyl, kâm [n],
ârzu kardan, to
desire (Persian)

chec, pozadanie,
pragnac,
pragnienie,
zyczenie, zyczyc
sobie, desire
(Polish)

thelo, chreiazomai,
anagki, want
(Greek)
dëshirë, lutje, urim, wish [n]; dëshiroj, dua, uroj, to wish
(Albanian)

si vis; see volo; volo, velle, volui [vin = visne; sis = si vis; sultris = si vultris

deisyf (deisyfu), to desire, wish, crave, supplicate, beg (Welsh)
augerio, desiderio
(Italian)
souhaiter, vouloir,
désirer (French)
ilalija, to wish (Hittite)

to be willing, to
wish [<OE
wyscan], to want,
to desire [<Lat.
desidero-are, to
long for, wish for]

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sivai, name?

SIFAI, S-15, S-30,;
S-40

prahati [f], stroke,
throw; prAsa [m],
cast, throw, spear;
vap, vapati, -te, to
strew, scatter (esp.
seed), sow, throw or
cast; kunta [m], spear, lance

neyze, lance [n]; andâxtan,
afkandan, part
kardan, to throw (Persian)

rzucac, rzut, threw
(Polish)

richno, riximo, boli, throw (Greek)
hedh, flak, gjuaj,
vërvit, vërvis, jap, humbas me dashje, plandos, ul, ngec, to throw
(Albanian)

lancea-ae [f], a light
spear or lance; lancino
are, to tear to pieces,
to squander;

ergydio, to strike, rap, throw, cast; lluchio, to throw, fling, pelt, drift;
taflu, to throw, fling, cast, hurl, heave, pelt
(Welsh)
slanciare, vt., to throw (Italian)
lancer, to throw, rush, dart (French)

to throw [<OE
thrawan, to twist], thin out, taper, to rush, venture; to
launch [<LLat.
lanceare, to wield a lance]

x

x

x

x

x

x

an initial, like CN

x

xodas, xodas râ, himself, herself (Persian)

on sam, osobiscie,
sam, siebie, sobie,
himself; osobiscie,
sama, sie, siebie,
sobie, herself; ono
samo, osobiscie,
sie, siebie, we
wlasnej osobie,
itself (Polish)

ai, vetë, vetë,
himself; ajo vetë,
veten [e saj], vetes [së saj], vetë, herself; vetë, itself,
pron. (Albanian)

suo, sua, poss. adj./
pron. his, her, its; sui, gen. refl. himself, herself, itself

ei, hun, hunan, himself,
herself, itself (Welsh)
sua, suo, poss.
adj./pron. his, her its (Italian)
soi, oneself, himself, herself, itself (French)

himself, herself, itself

so, su (SV),
Script TC307;
See Note 1) for the
shift of "sv" to =
"so"

zAka [m], help,
assistance; zAkbhan
[n], help, aid; ziSTi [f], help, aid, sAhya [n], assistance, help; jinv, jinvati, to be lively, hasten, put in motion, quicken, favour, bring or help

komak, yâri [n], yâri kardan, to
help (Persian)

pomagac, pomoc,
pomoc, help
(Polish)

boitho, boitheia,
help; enochlo,
skotizo,
skotizomai, bother (Greek)
i jap ndihmë,
ndihmoj, lehtëson
[ilaci], shmang,
përmbahem, to
help (Albanian)

succurro-currere-curri
cursum; to run
beneath, go under,
undergo, aid, succor; socio-are, to unite, combine,
associate

achlesu, to succor,
shelter, protect,
manure; adeinio, to succor, fly; swcro, to succor; ymgeleddu, to
cherish, succor,
befriend (Welsh)
soccorrere, to succor, help (Italian)
soucier, to trouble, to bother (French)

to run beneath, to help [<OE helpan; ON hjalpa], succor

zvazU [f], mother-in
law; zuzU [f], mother; mAtRSvasR  [f], a
mother's sister; nanA [f], mother

mâdare zan
(Persian)

tesciowa (Polish)
SOCRI, mother and father-in-law pl.), SOACRĂ, mother-in-law), SOCRU, father-in-law

pethera (Greek)
vjehërr (Albanian)

socrus-us [f]

chwegr [f] (Welsh)
suocera (Italian)

mother-in-law

socri, sucri
(SVCRI) Script Z798

ravi, mihira, sUra,
surya [m], the sun;
eka, ekAkin, adj., alone, sole, single,
solitary; vijana, adj.,
destitute of people,
desert, solitary,
loneliness

hû [hvar]
(Avestan)
xorsid, âftâb, xor, sun [n]; tanhâ, yegâne, tak, alone,
adv. (Persian)

niedziela, slonce,
sun; jedynie, sam,
samotny, tylko, w
pojedyn, alone
(Polish)
saule (Baltic
Sudovian)
SOARE, sun (Romanian)

ilios, sun (Greek)
diel? (Albanian)

sol, solis [m] the sun;
solus-a-um, alone,
only, sole, solitary,
uninhabited; solo-are, to make solitary

haul (heuliau) [m]; huan [f], the sun; unig,
adj., only, sole, mere, lonely, alone (Welsh)
sole [m], the sun; solo [m] only one, alone (Italian)
sol [m] the ground, soil; soleil [m] the sun;
solo, adj. solo (French)

the sun [<OE
sunne], a day;
alone [<ME,
alone], solitary,
sole

sol, sul (SVL), Script Z308, Z1250;
sola, sula (SVLA)
Script Z598;
solo (SVLV)
Script Z1161, R49, R65
solos, sulus
(SVLvS), Script
Z1177, Z1334

x

x

x

x

sum, 1st person sing. to be; sumus, 1st pers. pl.

sono, 1st pers. sing. to be; pl. siamo (Italian)
suit, sommes, first
person sing. and pl. to be, "we are"
(French)

I am, we are

svanita, adj.,sounding;
[n], sound; svAna [m], sound, noise; kvANa [m], sound

ostovâr, adj., âvâz, navâ, ostovâr,
sound [n]
(Persian)

brzmiec,
brzmienie, caly,
dzwiek, gleboki,
mierzyc glebokosc,
nienaruszony,
odglos,
rozbrzmiewac,
solidny, sondowac,
wydawac glos,
zdrowy, sound
(Polish)
SUNA, to ring, to sound, to jingle, to call

giortazo, to
celebrate; ichos,
steno, porthmos,
soos, ygiis, geros, bathys, icho, diadido, sound; krotos, thorybos, noise (Greek)
tingull, tingëllim,
tingëllimë, ton, zë, zhurmë, sondë [mjek.], sound [n];
dëgjohem,
tingëllon, bëj
përshtypje, dukëm, ndihet, kontrolloj
me sondë, sondoj, to sound
(Albanian)

sono-sonare, sonui,
sonitum

seinio, to sound,
resound, enunciate;
swnio, to sound,
pronounce (Welsh)
sonare (Italian)
sonner (French)

to sound [<Lat.
sonus], make a
noise, celebrate

son, sun (SVN),
Script Z1417, XB-41

sona, suna (SVNA)
Script Z530
sone, sune (SVNE),
Script Z64
sonoi (SVNVI) Script A101

x

x

SUNT, they are (Romanian)

x

sunt, third person pl.

to be

sono (Italian)
sont (French)

they are

sont, sunt (SVNT),
Script Q701

supti [f], sleep; svapna svApa, [m], sleep, dream; svap, svapiti, to sleep, fall asleep, lie down, repose, be dead,
make to sleep, bring to rest, kill; drA, drAti, drAyate, to fall asleep

xâbâlud, xâbâvar,
adj. drowsy; xâb [n], xâbidan, xoftan, to sleep
(Persian)

drzemac, drzemka,
drowse; sen, slept,
spac, sleep (Polish)

koimoumai, ypnos, sleep (Greek)
të qenët i
përgjumur,
drowsiness [n];
gjumë, fjetje, sleep [n]; fle, to sleep (Albanain)

sopio-ire;, to put to
sleep; dormio-ire, to sleep

cysgu, to sleep, nap; huno, to sleep (Welsh)
sopore [m], drowsines
assopirsi, to drowse
(Italian)
sommeiller, to drowse go to sleep; dormir, to
sleep (French)
supparija, to sleep (Hittite)

to put to sleep,
[<OE slaep]
quieten, stun,
render senseless;
drowse [<OE
drusian]

sopa, supa (SVPA)
Script N522,
N582, R54, R511
sopes, supes
(SVPES),
Script Q713
sopo, supo (SVPV),
Script Q784

nanAndR, f., sister-in law; svasR, f., sister

xâhar, sister
(Persian)
k'oyr, sister (Armenian)

sestra (Serbo
Croatian)
siostra (Polish)
siastra [f.]
(Belarus)
seser (Baltc
Lithuanian)
SORĂ, sister (Romanian)

adelfi (Greek)
motër (Albanian)

soror

sier (Old Irish)
chwaer (chwiorydd) [f]
c'hoar, -ezed (Breton)
piuthar [f] (Scott)
suora [f] (Italian)
soeur [f] (French_
s.ar (Tocharian)
nega, a sister (Hittite)

sister [<OE
sweostor]

smayana [n], smiling, a smile; smita, adj., smiling, expanded, blown [n], a smile; smi, smayate, -ti, to
smile, blush, be proud or arrogant

labxand [n],
labxand zadan,
xandidan, to smile (Persian)

usmiech,
usmiechac sie,
smile (Polish)
SURÂDE, to smile; SURÂS, smile (Romanian)

damalaki, calf; gelo, gelio, to laugh (Greek)
buzëqesh, to smile (Albanian)

sura-ae [f], the calf of the leg; risor-oris [m]
laughter, smile

cilwenu, to simpeer, smile, leer, ogle; gwenu,
to smile (Welsh)
sorridere, to
smile (Italian)
souire, to smile, to be favorable to (French)

calf of the leg? to smile [<ME
smilen]?

dvaiguNya [n], the
double, double the
amount, value,
measure; dvitaya, adj., consisting of two, twofold, double, pl. both; n. a pair; dvaya [f], twofold, double,
double nature

dorarâbar,
docandân, joft,
double, adj.
(Persian)

dubler, dublowac,
kontrowac,
podwoic,
podwojny,
podwojony,
sobowtor, double;
pod, ponizej,
przy, u dolu,
wobec, under
(Polish)
SOSIE, double (Romannian)

diplos, diplasiazo
(Greek)
dyfish, kopje [e një personi], thesë e fortë, kthim, dyfishim, prapsim, dyshe, cift, ecje e shpejtë, krëvat
dopio, vrap i lehtë, double [n], poshtë, under, adv.
(Albanian)

duplex, double; sub = under

dwbl (dyblau) [m], double (Welsh)
sosia, double; suisare, to misrepresent, alter
(Italian)
double; sous, prep. under, beneath, on,
upon (French)

double [<duplex]?

kaJcuka [m.f.], adj.,
coat of mail, bodice,
jacket; kavaca [m],
armour, mail, jacket,
the bark of a tree;
kUrpAsak [m], jacket, bodice

kazagand
(Persian)

kurtka, marynarka,
jacket (Polish)
SUTANĂ, cassock, coat (Romanian)

fousta, skirt;
ypostirizo,
bastazo, ypofero,
sustain (Greek)
mbaj, mbështes,
mbështet, përkrah, ndihmoj, to
support (Albanian)

suesco, suescere, suevi, suetum, to become accustomed; suetus-a um, customary, usual;
sustineo tinire -tinui tentum

amwyn, to contend, seize, defend, support;
ategu, to confirm,
support, endorse;
cefnogi, to encourage,
support, back,
espouse, endorse;
cynnal, to sustain,
maintain, operate,
undertake, uphold, keep (Welsh)
sostenere, to support, sustain; sottana [f],
skirt, casssock, soutane (Italian)
soutenir, to support, to
sustain, to hold up, maintain, affirm; (French)

to support [<Lat. supporto-are, to
carry], to sustain [<Lat. sustineo tinire -tinui tentum, to hold up]

x

zir, pâyin, adv.,
prep., under
(Persian)

pod, ponizej,
przy, u dolu,
wobec, under
(Polish)
SUB(T), under, below (Romanian)

apo kato, under
(Greek)
poshtë, më poshtë,
nën zero, below
(Albanian)

subter

goris, is, o dan, prep., below, beneath, under;
tan (dan) prep., under, beneath, to, till, until, as far (Welsh)
subordinato, sotto,
adv., prep.,under
(Italian)
soute [f], bunker; sous, prep. au-dessous de,
dans; adv. dessous
under (French)

under [<OE
under], below
[<ME bilooghe],
beneath [<OE
binithan]

spR, spRNoti,
spRNute, to loosen,
free from, rescue, save, attract, win; rakS, rakSati, -te, to protect, guard, keep, save from,
take care of

rahâyi baxsidan,
pasandâz kardan, to save (Persian)

zbawiciel, savior;
ochronic,
oszczedzic,
uratowac,
zachowac, save
(Polish)

sozo, glytono,
oikonomo,
apotamievo,
mazevo, ektos, to
save (Greek)
mbroj, shpëtoj,
mbaj, ruaj, kursej, mënjanoj, heq, vë mënjanë, to save; shpëtimtar,
shpëtues, savior
[n] (Albanian)

soter-eris [m], savior; libero-are, to set free; eripo -ipere -ripui reptum, to snatch away tear out, servo are, to watch over, observe, keep, protect, save, to keep to

achubwr-au [m],
achubydd-ion [m], savior, rescuer; arbedwr (arbedwyr)
[m], miser, savior;
ceidwad [m], keeper, savior, custodian, curator; gwaredwr [m], savior; iachawdwr [m],
savior; safio, to save; sbario, to spare, save;
arbed, to spare, save (a life), avoid, obviate
(Welsh)
salvare, to save;
salvatore [m], savior; sottrari, to snatch (Italian)
sauver, to save; saveur [m] saver, savior (French)

savior? to save
[<Lat. salvare;
salvus-a-um, safe, unhurt, well, all right]; guard [<OFr. guarder]; spare [<OE sparian, to leave unharmed]

viSayI kR; viSTArin,
adj. spread; prastIrNa,
adj., spread, extended,
flat; stIrNa, adj.
spread, scattered,
strewen

... vî ... jas
(Avestan)
pahn kardan,
gostardan, paxs
kardan, to spread
(Persian)

przestrzen,
rozciagac,
rozposcierac,
rozprzestrezeniac
rozprzestrzenienie,
rozrzut, spread,
szerzenie, szerzyc,
spread (Polish)
platint (Baltic
Sudovian)

xaplono, diadido
(Greek)
shtru, shtroj, hap,
shpalos, to spread (Albanian)

spado-onis [m] an
eunnuch spargo,
sparger, sparsi,
sparsum, to scatter,
sprinkle, spread,
dissipate

chwalu, to scatter,
spread, disperse,
dispel, dash to pieces; gwasgaru, to scatter, disperse, spread;
ymledu, to spread,
expand; hulio, to cover, spread; lledu, to wisen,
expand, spread, dilate, (Welsh)
sgànraich, va. scare, affright so as to cause
dispersion; sgaioil, va. and vn. stretch out,
extend, spread, expand, enlarge, send away, loose; sgap, va. scatter,
disperse (Scott)
spandersi, vt.,
spandare, vi., to
spread, to diffuse, to send forth (Italian)
répandre, to scatter, spread; étendre; dispersion [f] (French)

to spread [<OE
spraeden], to
diffuse, to scatter,
strew [<OE
strewian]

tarj, tarjati, to threaten, menace, abuse, revile;
tarjayati,-te, to deride, mock, frighten, terrify;
tras, trasati (-te) &
trasyati (-te), to
tremble, quake, be
afraid of; shake,
agitate, frighten, scare; vip, vepate, to
tremble, quake,
vibrate, take fright

tars, harâs [n],
tarsândan, to
frighten (Persian)

nastraszyc,
przestraszyc,
frighten (Polish)
SPERIA, SPĂRIA, to frighten (Romanian)

tromos, fobos,
skiachtro, fright
tromos, terror
(Greek)
frikësoj,
frikësohem, tremb, to frighten
(Albanian)

exterrere, to frighten; terror, pavor, fright

brawychu, to frighten, terrify, terrorize; dychryn, to frighten; gwylltio, to frighten, enrage (Welsh)
spavento [m] fright, fear, terror; spaurire, vt., to frighten; spavaldo, adj. bold. (Italian)
épouvanter, terrifier (French)

to frighten [<OE fyrhto, fright]?

Azas [f], wish,
expectation, hope;
zAs, zAsti, zAste
(zAsati, -te), to
chasten, punish,
correct rule, govern,
manage, direct,
instruct, order,
proclaim, fortell, wish,
pray, hope for, expect
from

omid [n], omidvâr
budan, to hope
(Persian)

miec nadzieje,
nadzieja,
spodziewac sie,
hope (Polish)
SPER, I hope; SPERI, you hope (Romanian)

elpizo, elpida,
hope; anamoni,
prosdokia,
expectation
(Greek)
kam shpresë,
shpresoj, besoj që, uroj që, to hope (Albanian)

sperare, to hope; spes-ei [f], hope,
expectations, both
good and bad

gobaith (gobeithion) [m], hope; gobeithio, to hope; disgwyliad-au
[m], expectation
(Welsh)
sperare, to hope
(Italian)
ésperer, to hope
(French)

expectation [<Lat.
expectare, to
expect], hope
[<OE hopian],
foreboding

deya, to be given,
granted, married,
restored, committed,
to present, pay; dA,
dadAti, datte, dadati, te (dAti, dadmi), to give, grant, bestow, impart, offer, sacrifice

pardâxt kardan,
xarj kardan, besar bordan, to spend
(Persian)

marnowac,
spedzac, spent,
trwonic, wydawac,
spend (Polish)

dapano,
xodevo, spend
(Greek)
shpenzoj, harxhoj, kaloj, mbaroj, prish, shter, to spend (Albanian)

spisso-are, to make
thick; consumo-sumere -sumpsi -sumptum, to
spend, employ, use
up; dispendere, to
weigh out

gwario, to spend,
expend, disburse;
treulio, to spend,
expend, wear, digest (Welsh)
spendere, to spend; speso, pp. (Italian)
dépenser, to spend
(French)

to spend [<Lat.
dispendere]? to
make thick?

hi, hinoti, hinute,
hinvati, to dispatch;
naucara, adj. going in a ship [m] sailor

ferestâdan, ravâne kardan, to send (Persian)

ekspedycja, takze,
wyekspediowac,
wyslac, wyslka,
dispatch (Polish)

apostello,
apostoli (Greek)
shpie, soj, nis
(Albanian)

expedio-ire-ivi and -ii-itum, to free from a snare, disengage, to get
things ready for action

anfon, to send,
dispatch, forward
(Welsh)
spedire (Italian)
expédier (French)
uija, to send (Hittite)

to dispatch [<OFr.
despechier], to
send, to ship

speto (SPETV) Script R219, R238,
Script R219, R238
spetri or spe tri, Script Z784

x

x

SPINARE, loin, back, SPIN, SPINI, thorns thorn (Romanian)

x

spina-ae [f], a thorn, prickle; difficulties,
perplexities

spianare, to smooth, to
level, settle, raze,
demolish; spino [m], thorn (Italian)
épine [f], thorn
(French)

name of the town, Spina – ruins near
Venice

Spina, Script R542;
Spini, Script R584;
Spinia, Script R574;
Spinaom, Spinaum
(SPINAVM), Script R596

meni, f. weapon,
thrust, punishment,
vengeance, anger,
wrath; see spAra3yati, to loosen, separate,
save, win bibha3rti, bha3rati, -te, bharti, bhRta3, to bear,
bring forward, present, thrust; RS, RSati RSTa, push, thrust put in, cover, fill; nud, nudati, -te, thrust, impel, drive away; gR, girati, swallow, spit
out, eject

tof [n], tof kardan,
to spit; partâb
kardan, capândan,
gostardan, to
thrust; pisâmadegi,
birunoftâdegi,
protrusion
(Persian)

pluc, rozen, spat,
wypluc, spit;
sterczec,
wystawac,
protrude (Polish)
spurgas, bud,
young shoot
(Baltic-Sudovian)
SPOR, gain, increase, growth, benefit, progress; SCUIPA, to spit out (Romanian)

othisi, sproximo,
thrust; spora, seed (Greek)
ngull, shpoj, kërcej, peshtyj (Albanian)

spuo, spuere, spui,
sputum, to spit out

poeri, to spit,
expectorate; had-au [m], seed, issue; stwffio, to stuff, thrust, cram
(Welsh)
spor, va. incite, spur on, instigate (Scott);
espurgare, to
expurgate, sputtare, to
spit; sporgere, to
thrust out, protrude
(Italian)
pouser, to push;
espurgier, to purge (French)
saligai, to spit (Hittite)

to thrust out, spit [<OE spittan] out; to seed? Spew
out

sthA, tiSThati, -te,
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait;
avasthaatuM
sthaa, sthitaH (situated)

âstâya [â-stâ]
hishtahi [stâ]
(Avestan)
isttof [n], tof
kardan,
to istâdan, râst
sodan, pâydâri
kardan, to stand; mândan, tâb âvardan, negâh dâstan, to stay (Persian)

ostajati, zaustaviti,
stub (Serbo
Croatian)
stac, stoisko,
stojak, stood,
(Polish)
stajac, v. imp.
(Belarus)
stat, stalet
(Baltic-Sudovian)
STA, to stand; STAI, you stand, stop, hold on, halt; STARE, state, condition, situation (Romanian)

stamato, stirigma
(Greek)
mbetem, rri,
permbaj, to stay
(Albanian)

sto, stare, steti, statum

sefyll, to stand, stop, halt, pose; aros, to wait, await, stay, stop,
remain, continue; trigo, to stay, abide, dwell,
inhabit, die (Welsh)
fuirich, va.; fan, vn. +tainn, stay (Scott)
chom, to stay; war-sav, to be standing up,
(Breton)

stare (Italian);

stationare;
stationner (French)

lip (Tocharian)
ta-, tti-, stta-, to put, set (Lycian)

ista (Luwian)

to stand [<OE
standan], stay
[<Lat. stare, to
stand]

vrajin, adj., being in a stable; vraja [m], fold, shed, stable, station of herds; herd, flock, troop, multitude

âxor, stable [n],
stable; ostovâr,
seft, adj., serkat, ostegân [n], firm
(Persian)

stabilny, stajnia,
stateczny, stable
(Polish)
STABILI, to establish, stable, settle, determine, state.

statheros,
monimos, stablos,
stablizo, stable
(Greek)
ahur, stable [n]
(Albanian)

stabilis-e, firm, steady, stable; stabulum-i,
habitation, quarters

ystabl-au [f], stable
(Welsh)
stabile (Italian)
stable, adj. (French)

stable, firm; a
building, stable?

yuj, yunakti, yuGkta, yujate (see to bind together) to yoke, loosen, untie, sever from, deprive of, join, unite; pravibhakta
distributed, divided,
separate; spR,
spRNoti, spRNute,
loosen, rescue, save;
spAra3yati, attract,
win, alienate, tear
asunder, separate

bartari, barjastegi,
prominence; tude, kume, xarman [n],
stack; partgâh, cliff (Persian)

komin, stog, stos,
ukladac w stos,
stack; urwisko,
cliff (Polish)
karpis, cliff;
aukara, craig
(Baltic-Sudovian)
STRICA, to detach, separate, destroy

apospo,
aposyndeo, detach;
apotomos,
krimnodis, steep;
skopos, prothesi,
blepsi, scope
(Greek)
cep, dominum,
klasifikoi, ndaj, a
prominence;
rrëpirë, skarpat, a
scarp; mullare,
qipi, pirg, tufë,
rafte, a stack
(Albanian)

scopulus-i [m], rock, craig, cliff, danger, ruin

allt (elltydd) [f], hill, hill-side, cliff, wood;
gallt (gelltydd) [f], hill, cliff, wood; clogwyn-i
-au [m], cliff, crag, precipice, bluff, beisgawn-au [f], stack of sheaves (Welsh)
stac [m] steep cliff or hill (Scott)
staccare, vi., stacco [spicco] [m] relief,
prominence; scarpata,
[f], bluff, cliff, scarp (Italian)
escarpé, adj. steep, precipitous, sheer; stage [m], stage (French)

to detach,
separate, to put
off, to tear away, to disconnect, to
take down; (a
stack? [<ON
stakkr]); a cape, scarp [<Ital. scarpa], dominance,
stack; raft [<ON raptr, beam])

ihastha, adj., standing or staying here

istâde, static, adj., (Persian)

nieruchomy,
niezmienny,
stayczny, static
(Polish)
STĂTUTĂ, old, decayed, tasteless (Romanian)

statikos, static
(Greek)
pozitë, rang,
rëndësi, standing
[n]; i pandryshueshëm,
në prehje, static,
adj. (Albanian)

sto, stare, steti, statum

safiad [m], standing, stature, stand, halt (Welsh)
statico, adj. static
(Italian);
statique, adj. static
(French)

static, standing

statita
Script Q183, Q174,
R530, R664

glA, glAyati, to be
loth, displeased, averse to, wearied, exhausted, fade away, wearied,
faded, withered; mlA, mlAyati, -te (mlAti), to relax, languish, wither, fade, decay; zuS, zuSyati (-te), to
be dry, wither, fade,
make dry up, parch,
emaciate, afflict,
destroy; pANDu, adj., white, pale

pazmorde [n],
pazmordan,
kamrang sodan, to fade; rangparide,
kamrang, zard,
adj., pale (Persian)

blaknac, plowiec,
wiednac, zanikac,
fade; blady,
granica, plot,
sztacheta,
zblednac, pale
(Polish)

marainomai,
xethoriazo,
exantloumai, fade; ochros, chlomos, palouki, ochrio,
chlomiazo,
perifrasso, pale
(Greek)
i fishkur, i venitur, i flashkët, i
zbërdhulët, i
shpëlarë, faded adj. (Albanian)

palleo-ere, to be pale or yellow; pallor-oris
[f] paleness, fading

diflannu, to disappear,
vanish, fade, flee; edwi (edwino) to fade, wither, decay; gwywo,
to wither, fade; gwelwi, to pale (Welsh)
stingere, to fade; stinto, adj. faded (Italian);
dépérir, to fade French)

to fade [<OFr.
fader], faded

shataM, hundred

saite [sata]
satem, hundred (Avestan)
sad, adj. [n], hundred (Persian)

setka, sto, hundred (Polish)
sto, hundred
(Serbo-Croation)
simtas (Baltic
Lithuanian)
SUTĂ, hundred (Romanian)

he-katon, hundred
(Greek)
njëquind, hundred,
quind (Albanian)

cant (can) cannoedd,
cantoedd [m], hundred
(Welsh)
ceud hundred, (Scott)
kant, hundred (Breton)
cento (Italian)
cent, hundred (Fr.)
känt, hundred
(Tocharian)

samarekha, adj.,
straight-lined, straight; Rju [f], straight, right, upright, honest; praguNay, -yati, to set right, make straight

râst, dorost,
yekrâst, straight, adj., adv. (Persian)

elastycznosc,
naciagnac, napiac,
naprezyc, przeciag,
rozciagnac,
rozciagniecie,
rozpietosc, stretch
(Polish)
STRÂMTĂ, tight, STRÂMTA, to tighten (Romanian)

eythys, isios,
kateytheian,
straight; tentono,
ekteino,
ekteinomai,
tentoma, stretch;
sfigko, tentono,
tighten (Greek)
i drejtë, i ciltër, në rregull, adj.; drejt, adv. vijë drejtë [n],
straight (Albanian)

sterno, stenere, stravi, stratum, to stretch over, spread, lie down,
make smooth,
overthrow, calm,
strew; strictus, tight; stringo, stringere, strinxi, strictum, to draw together, affect,
draw weapon, touch upon

syth (seth) [f], adj., stiff, erect,
perpendicular, straight (Welsh)
stretta, tightening hold streto [m] straight [m],
adj. narrow, tight, close (Italian)
serrer, to tighten,
étroit, adj. straight, narrow (French)

straight, to stretch [<OE streccan],
to strew [<OE
strewian]

sUtray, -yati, to put
together, arrange, make into a, perform, compose, drive away, remove; rac, racayati, to produce, form,
make, contrive,
arrange, produce,
cause, effect, compose, write

ârâstan, pirâstan,
râyânidan, to
arrange (Persian)

klasyfikowac,
planowac,
rozmieszczac,
ukladac, urzadzac,
zalatwiac,
zorganizowac,
arrange (Polish)

katatasso,
kanonizo,
dieytheto, arrange (Greek)
caktoj, rregulloj,
fiksoj, ndreq, marr vesh, ujdis, bëj plan; aranzhoj
[mus.], vendos,
zgjdih, to arrange
(Albanian)

struo, struere, struxi, structum, to put together, arrange, pile up, build, erect, devise; stropha-ae [f], a trick, artifice;
strophium-i, a
breast-band, a
headband, chaplet

trefnu, to arrange,
order, organize,
marshall (Welsh)
disporre, combinare, adattare, comporre, arrange (Italian)
arranger, disposer, arrange; empiler, stack
(French)

name; possibly
with the prefix: to put together,
arrange [<OFr.
arangier], pile up, build, erect,
devise; a trick,
artifice

figiel, lewa,
oszukiwac,
podstep, psota,
sztuka, trik, trick
(Polish)

technasma, trik,
apati, trick
(Gtreek)
dredhi, mashtrim,
hile, yckël, marifet, lojë, rreng, iluzion,
shaka, trick
(Albanian)

sgil [m?], ploy,
strategem, skill; tric-iau [m], trick, hoax (Welsh)
strofa, strofe [f],
strophe (Italian)
strophe [f], strophe (French)

strophe? name?
trick? [<ONFr.
trikier, to deceive]

das, dasyati, to suffer want, languish, exhaust, consume, be
wanting, fail; mRS,
mRSyate, not heed,
forget, suffer, bear, put up with, endure,
forgive, pardon

dastxose degarguni
sodan, degargun
sodan, to undergo ranj bordan, tan
dardâdan, dard
kasidan, to suffer (Persian)

cierpiec, tolerowac,
znosic, suffer
(Polish)

yfistamai, ypofero,
undergo; ypofero, pascho, suffer (Greek)
kaloj, pësoj, heq, to undergo; lejoj, vuaj, ndjej, provoj, to suffer (Albanian)

subeo-ire-li or ivi-itum

dioddef, to suffer, bear, endure, wait; goddef, to
bear, suffer, endure, tolerate, permit, let (Welsh)
subire (Italian)
subir (French)

to undergo, suffer [<Lat. suffero, sufferre, to hold up, support, endure, suffer]

mRdu [f], soft, tender, delicate, mild, gentle,
weak, moderate;
madhya, adj., middle, central, moderate, indifferent, neutral

virân kardan, to undermine;
miyâneravi,
modârâ,
moderation [n]
(Persian)

podkopac,
undermine;
powsciagac,
spowalniac,
umiarkowany,
uspokajac,
wstrzemiezliwy,
moderate (Polish)
SUPRA, upper side, upon (Romanian)

egkratis, iremos,
sobaros, nifalios,
sober; yponomevo,
undermine (Greek)
gërryej themeli,
gërmoj nën të,
minoj, to
undermine,
(Albanian)

subruo-ruere-ruui
rutum, to undermine;
sobrius-a-um, sober, moderate, frugal; modero-are, to
regulate, restrain, keep within bounds

cymedrol, adj.
moderate, temperate;
dirwestol, adj.,
temperate; tymherus,
adj. temperate;
tanseilio, to undermine
(Welsh)
sobrio, adj. temperate,
moderate (Italian)
sobre, adj. sober,
moderate, temperate
(French)

to undermine,
overthrow,
destroy; sober,
moderate

kSud, kSodati, pound, shatter, shake, stamp upon, dash to pieces {kSoda3yati} shake,
crush

larzes [n],
larzidan, takân
dâdan, to shake
(Persian)

drzec, luz,
potrazasac,
potrzasanie, shook, trzasc, wstrzas, shake (Polish)
SCUTUR, shake from beneath, to haul dust, to agitate (Romanian)

seio, tinasso,
tinagma, shake
(Greek)
lëkund, tund,
fërgëlloj, përkund,
lëkundem, shkund,
dridhem, shtrëngoj,
dredh, lehtësoj,
trondit, troshis,
tallandis, to shake
(Albanian)

succutio-cutere-cussi
cussm, to shake from beneath

cysgogi, to shake,
move; siglo, to shake, quake, rock, swing
(Welsh)
scuotere, scroilare, to
shake (Italian)
secouer, branler,
trembler, to shake
(French)

by his, Kato; or to shake [<OE
sceacan], from
beneath

sukatv (SVKATV),
Script Q755
(possibly su Kato)

laGgh, laGghati, -te, to leap, spring over, go beyond, travel over, mount, ascend, escape, transgress, surpass

besyâr xub,
bâsokuh, superb, adj. (Persian)

nad, ponad,
powyzej, above;
doskonaly,
wspanialy, superb
(Polish)
SUPRA, upper side, upon (Romanian)

epi pleon,
moreover (Greek)
madhështor,
superb (Albanian)

supra

fry, adv. above, aloft rhagori, to excel, exceed, surpass, outdo,
predominate (Welsh)
superare, to surpass, overcome, exceed,
pass (Italian)
superbe, adj. superb
(French)

over, above,

besides, beyond,
moreover

tark, tarkayati, to
suppose, conjecture,
guess, reflect, regard, think of; kal, kalayati ( te) & kAlayati, to drive, impel, carry, bear, do, make, cause,
suppose, think; man,
manyate, -ti, manute, to think, believe, imagine, consider, observe, suppose

gomân bordan, to surmise (Persian)

przypuszczac,
sadzic, suppose
(Polish)

pano, pano apo,
above; ypotheto,
suppose (Greek)
mendoj, supozoj,
to suppose
(Albanian)

supra, adv. over, on the top; of time,
before, previously;
above, more, beyond; opino-ari and opino-re, to suppose, be of
opinion

tebygu, toliken,
resemble, assimilate,
suppose (Welsh)
supporre, to suppose,
to surmise (Italian);
supposer, to suppose
(French)

to suppose?
above?

supro (SVPRV)
Script Q661

tIkSNadaNDa,
bhRzadaNDa, adj.,
inflicting severe
punishment; dAruNa, to be hard, rough, harsh, cruel, severe

saxt, saxtgir,
saxtgir, bipirâye, adj. severe (Persian)

ostry, powazna,
srogi, surowy,
uporczywa, severe
(Polish)

spoudaios,
sobaros, serious;
afstiros, severe;
afstiros, blosyros,
stern (Greek)
i ashpër, i rreptë, i sertë, i rëndë, i
vrazhdë, adj.,
severe; pupë, stern [n] (Albanian)

severus-a-um, grave, serious, strict, stern,
hard; adv. severe

manwl, adj. exact,
precise, strict; caled-ion, adj. hard, difficult,
firm, severe, harsh; dygn, adj. hard, severe,
grievous, dire,
pernicious; egr, adj. sharp, sour, severe, savage; gerwin, adj.
rough, severe, harsh (Welsh)
severo, adj. strict,
severe; sferrara, vt. to unshoe a horse; to deliver a blow; sviare,
to deviate, avert, lead astray (Italian);
sévère, adj. severe; éviter, to avoid, avert
(French)

Severus, a name of
an Etruscan queen / king; to be severe; to turn aside, swerve [<OE
sweorfan], veer, [<OFr. virer]