senatus-us [or-i] a
council of elders, the
Senate; senatus [senati]
consultum, a formal
resolution of the
Senate; senectus-a-um,
old age [f]; senecta-ae,
old age; nodo-are, to
knot; dissolvo -solvere
solvi -solutum, to
loosen, undo, destroy

senedd-au [f], senate,
parliament; hynafgwr,
[m], old man, elder;
datod, to undo, untile,
loose, dissolve (Welsh)
seanadh [m], synod
(Scott)
senato [m] senate
house; annodare, to
knot, tie; snodare, to
untie, loosen, undo,
snodarsi get untied
(Italian)
sénat [m] dénouer,
untie (French)

sanaj, sanaka (ablat.)
adj. old, ancient; jIri
[f], old age; Azina,
jUrya, adj., aged; mah,
great, mighty, strong,
abundant, old, aged [f],
the earth, ground, soil,
land, etc.

hano (Avestan)
kohan, sâlxorde,
pir, old, adj.;
bâstâni, kohan,
dirine, adj.,
bâstâni [n],
ancient
(Persian)

star, starinski
(Serbo-Croation)
dawny, stary
(Polish)
stary (Belarus)

henne (Greek)
vieç (Albanian)

senex, senile, aged;
senectus-a-um, old age
[f]; senecta-ae, old age

hen, adj. old, ancient,
aged; oedrannus, adj.
aged, old (Welsh)
aosda, aged; sean,
adj. old, aged, ancient
(Scott);
kozh, yen (Breton)
senato [m], senate;
senilita, senility;
vecchio, old; snidare, to
drive out, unbarrow
(Italian)
sénat [m], senate;
sénile, adj. senile;
vieux, vielle [m], old
age, elderly, adj.
(French)
ksaise, old (Tocharian)

old [<OE eald],
aged [<Lat. aetas
-atis [f], age]]

sentina-ae, bilge-water, rabble, dregs of the population

Santina, a name

Sentina, man's
name

Sentina, Script LS-1

saptatha, saptama [f], the seventh.

haft, adj., [n],
seven; jodâyi,
duri, gosixtegi,
separation [n]
(Persian)
ewt'n (Armenian)

siedem, seven;
indywidualny,
oddzielick,
oddzielny,
osobny, rozlaczyc,
wziac, separacje,
seperate (Polish)
septyni
(Baltic-Lithuanian)

epta, seven;
chorizo,
diachorizo,
choristos, separate
(Greek)
shtatë, seven
(Albanian)

separo-aro, to sever,
separate, consider or
treat separately;
septem, seven; diu,
adv. by day, for a long
time; rivus-i [m]
stream; saepio, saepire,
saepsi, saeptum, to
hedge in, enclose,
surround, confine;
saeptum-i, enclosure
where the Romans
voted at the comitis;
saepe, often,
frequently

didoli, to separate,
segregate, insulate;
gwahanu, to divide,
part, separate; neilltuo,
to separate, isolate, set
apart; ymrannu, to
divide, part, separate,
diverge, ramify; saith,
adj. seven (Welsh)
separare, to separate,
to part; giorno,
giornate, day;
sette, seven; spesso,
often; (Italian);
séparer, to divide,
separate; jour [m], day;
diurne, adj. diurnas,
day; rio [m] brook,
creek; sept, seven; rive
[f], bank, shore, strand;
souvent, often
(French)
sukt (Tocharian)

seven,[<OE
seofan], seventh
day or seventh
river, enclosure;
possibly a name,
Seprius

khan, khanati, -te, to
dig, dig up, delve,
bury; dhA, dadhAti,
dhatte; dadhati, -te,to
put, set, lay, think of,
cause, bear, set upon
(esp. the fire), hide,
conceal, covercause to
be laid in, shut up

nikañte [ni-kan],
to bury; daxma [-],
grave (Avestan)
bexâk sepordan,
to bury; sepordan
= entrust, resign,
surrender
(Persian)

pochowac,
pogrzebac,
zakopac, bury
(Polish)

thabo, bury
nekrotafeio,
cemetery (Greek)
groposje, varrim,
burial; shtie në
gropë, varros,
gropos, fsheh, fus,
rras, to bury
(Albanian)

sepelio-pelire-pelivi
and pelti-peltum, to
bury, ruin, destroy;
sepulchra-orum,
cemetery

claddu, to bury,
entomb, inter; claddfa,
(claddfeydd) [f], burial
ground, cemetrery;
golo, to conceal, bury;
bedd-au-i [m],beddrod
au [m], grave, tomb,
sepulcher (Welsh)
sepolcreto [m],
cemetery; sepolcro
[m], sepulcher (Italian):
sépulcre [m],
sepulcher; cimetière
[m], cemetery (French)

to bury [<OE
byrgan], to ruin,
destroy, buried;
possibly "I
separate of / from
them" (see "sep"
above)

xziS, zeSati, to join,
connect; saMdhay,
yati, to put together,
join with, make peace;
mil, milati, to meet,
assemble, join, mix,
combine; yat, yatati,
te, to join, connect,
unite; tandra [n],
series, line; gaNa [m],
troop, crowd, host,
tribe, suit, retinue,
flock, series, line;
Avali [f], row, range,
series; niyut [f], team
of horses, series, row,
gift; tantra [n], loom,
the warp, anything
continuus, series

peyvastan,
hamkâri kardan,
to join; reste,
series, adj.
fesordan,
calândan
(Persian)

dolaczyc sie,
laczyc, polaczyc
sie, wstapic w
szeregi, join; ciag,
seria, szereg, series
(Polish)

enono, syndevo,
pairno meros, join
(Greek)
koleksion, seri,
radhë, varg, series
[n]; lidh, bashkoj,
futem,
bashkohem,
anëtarësohem,
shkruhem, kufizoj
me, shkoj me,
shoqërohem,
shrihet në, to join
(Albanian)

sero-serere, serui,
sertum

aesthu, to join; asio, to
join, piece, weld,
cement; cydio, to join,
connect, link; cyslltu,
to connect, join, link,
knit; uno, to join, unite,
affiliate; ymaelodi, to
become a member, join;
ymuno, to join, unite
(Welsh)
serrare, to join together
(Italian)
serrer, to press, to
tighten, to squeeze, to
crowd, close (French)
iukan, to yoke (Hittite)

to join [<Lat.
iungo, iungere,
iunxi, iunctum, to
join] together,
put in a row, unite
[<LLat. unire]

ser, Scripts
TC241, AH-1, S-15;
seramo, (seramv);
–possibly a name,
Seramus; Script Z64
SeRAN, TC28,
K79 –this may be
a reflexive verb,
"ran";
SEReN, Script L-1;
serev, seref
(SERE8), Script
N647, N738, N748;
seri, Script Z289,
Z462, Z463,
Z543, R359
ser phoe
(SERPHVE), Script
Z1168;
sero (serv) S50

prasphuTa, manifest,
clear; dhArapUta, clear
as water; suprakAza,
very bright or clear;
cikit, visible, clear;
prasannAtman, of
gracious or tranquil
mind

ârâmes, âsudegi,
serenity [n]
pâludan, rowsan
kardan, to clarify;
ârâm, âsude,
bijonbes, tranquil,
adj. (Persian)

oczyscic,
wyjasnic,
wyklarowac,
clarify; cichy,
sielankowy,
spokojny, tranquil
(Polish)

galinio, iremos,
katharos, satis,
katharizo, clear
(Greek)
shapem, spastroj,
qëroj, to clarify, i
qärtë, i qetë,
serene, tranquil (Albanian)

sereno-are

egluro, to make clear,
explain, clarify; clirio,
to clear; teru, to clear,
refine, clarify; distaw,
silent, quiet, reticent;
llonydd, quiet, still,
placid; tawel, quiet,
calm, still, tranquil
(Welsh)
bith, adj. quiet,
tranquil, silent (Scott);
sereno [m], serene
(Italian)
serein, adj. serene,
placid; sérénité [f]
serenity (French)
parkunu, to clear;
parkui, pure, clean
(Hittite)

to make clear
[<Lat. clarus-a
um, clear, bright],
make bright, fair
weather, eclair, a
pastry [<OFr.
esclair, lightning]
serene, quiet
[<Lat. quietus-a
-um, resting]

dadhidrapsa [m], whey
of sour milk; gorasa
[m], cows milk, milk;
kSIra [n], milk (also of
plants); Udhasya,
milking; n. milk

sir, milk [n],
dusidan, to milk
(Persian)

serwatka, whey
(Polish)

gala, armego, milk
(Greek)
hittë, thartor,
whey; lëng,
qumësht, gji, milk
mjel, jap qumësht,
to milk (Albanian)

serum-i; lac-lactis, milk

maidd (meiddion) [m],
gleision, whey; blith
-ion [m], milk; llaeth
(lleithion) [m], milk,
buttermilk (Welsh)
siero del latte, whey;
siero, serum; latte [m],
milk (Italian)
petit-lait [m], whey;
lait [m], milk; sérum,
serum (French)

whey [<OE
hwaeg]; see also,
"ser," .i.e., "we
join together";
milk [<OE milc]

x

x

x

x

x

x

Seriphus, island in
the western
Cyclades? See ser
above.

SaSTha [f], sixth; the
sixth hour of the day

sasom, sixth [n]
(Persian)

szosta czesc,
szosty, sixth
(Polish)

i gjashtë, sixth
(Albanian)

sextus

chwech, six, chweched,
adj. sixth (Welsh)
sesto, adj. [m] (Italian);
sieziéme (French)

sixth [<OE siex,
six]

sad, sIdati, to sit, seat
one's self (esp. for a
sacrifice), lie down,
around or in wait for,
be overcome, fall into
trouble, distress or
despair, decay, vanish;
sthA, tiSThati, -te, to
stand, stay, stop,
remain, wait; As, Aste,
to sit, seat one's self
on, settle down, keep
quiet, rest, lie, dwell,
stay, remain

âste [âh, åñh]
(Avestan)
nesastan, to sit
(Persian)

sat, sate
(Serbo-
Croatian)
sat, siadac,
siedziec, sit
(Polish)
siadac, v. imp., sit
down; siadziec, v.
imp., sit (Belarus)
sesta, seat; sestun,
to sit (Baltic-
Sudovian)

kathomai (Greek)
ulem, rri ulur, rri
kllockë, qëndroj
(Albanian)

sedeo, sedere, sedi

eistedd, to sit, seat
(Welsh)
sedere, vt. (Italian)
siège [m], seat;
s'asseoir, to sit
(French)
aha-A (Lydian)
as- (Hittite)
asati, astti (Lycian)

to sit [<OE sittan]

seti, Script Z1835,
SEToM, SETuM,
(SETvM), Script
TC103

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, gdyby, jesli,
jezeli, o ile, if
(Polish)

ean, an, if (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep.,
(Albanian)

sive and seu

ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
se, (Italian)
si, adj. (French)

if [<OE gif],
whether [<OE
hwhether]

x

x

x

Zeus (Greek)

x

x

Zeus, name of
Greek god?

seus, seos (SEVS),
Script Z336, Z446,
Z1591, Z1861

siv, sIvyati, -te, to sew

duxt
(Yagnobian)
duxtan, to sew
(Persian)

siti, sew;
vidi sev (sewn,
(Serbo-Croatian)
sewed, szyc, sew
(Polish)
syc, v. imp.
(Belarus)
shut (Baltic
Sudovian)

rabo, to sew;
syndevo, to join
(Greek)
qep, to sew; thur,
to stitch; ilik, syth,
thile, stitch
(Albanian)

suo, suere, sui, sutum,
to sew, stitch, join
together; suesco -
suescere, suevi,
suetum, to be
accustomed; sudo-are,
to sweat, to drip with
moisture

gwni, to sew, stitch
(Welsh)
fuaigh, stitch, knit,
connect (Scott)
suturare, vi, to stitch,
cucire, vi. to sew;
unire, vi., to join,
sudare, to sweat
(Italian):
coudre, piquer, to
stitch; brocher, to sew;
unir, joiner, to join,
suturer, to suture
suer [f] sweat (French)

to sew [<OE
seowian], to
stitch, join
together; to
sweat, to toil?

tIkSNadaNDa,
bhRzadaNDa, adj.,
inflicting severe
punishment; dAruNa,
to be hard, rough,
harsh, cruel, severe

saxt, saxtgir,
saxtgir, bipirâye,
adj. severe
(Persian)

ostry, powazna,
srogi, surowy,
uporczywa, severe
(Polish)

spoudaios,
sobaros, serious;
afstiros, severe;
afstiros, blosyros,
stern (Greek)
i ashpër, i rreptë, i
sertë, i rëndë, i
vrazhdë, adj.,
severe; pupë, stern [n] (Albanian)

severus-a-um, grave,
serious, strict, stern,
hard; adv. severe

manwl, adj. exact,
precise, strict; caled
-ion, adj. hard, difficult,
firm, severe, harsh;
dygn, adj. hard, severe,
grievous, dire,
pernicious; egr, adj.
sharp, sour, severe,
savage; gerwin, adj.
rough, severe, harsh
(Welsh)
severo, adj. strict,
severe; sferrara, vt. to
unshoe a horse; to
deliver a blow; sviare,
to deviate, avert, lead
astray (Italian);
sévère, adj. severe;
éviter, to avoid, avert
(French)

Severus, a name of
an Etruscan queen
/ king; to be
severe; to turn
side, swerve [<OE
sweorfan], veer,
[<OFr. virer]

x

x

x

x

sullus-a-um, a swine

maiale, porco, [m]
swine (Italian);
porc, cuchon [m]
(French)

Sulla, a name?

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, gdyby, jesli,
jezeli, o ile, if
(Polish)

an, ean, kata poso,
whether (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep.,
(Albanian)

si

ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
se, (Italian)
si, adj. (French)

if [<OE gif],
whether [<OE
hwhether]

x

âyâ, xâh, yâ,
whether,
conj.(Persian)

czy, whether
(Polish)

an, ean, kata poso,
whether (Greek)
në qoftë se, nëse,
conj.; vallë, prep.,
(Albanian)

sive, seu

ai, os, if, whether; pe,
conj. (Welsh)
sia, conj. whether
(Italian)

whether

zuS, zuSati, to blow,
hiss (of a snake); hiss,
whistle, yell, gasp,
exert one's self,
endeavour; zvas,
zvasiti, zvasati, -te, to
blow, bluster, hiss,
whistle, snort, breathe,
sigh, gasp, groan

sut, nây [n], sut
kasidan, to whistle
(Persian)

gwizd, gwizdac,
gwizdek, whistle
(Polish)

sfyrigma,
sfyrichtra, sfyrizo,
whistle (Greek)
fishkëllej,
fërshëllej, to hiss,
whistle (Albanian)

sibilo-are

hisian (hisi-); hysian
hysio), to hiss, set on,
incite; chwythu, to
blow, fan, blast, inflate,
breathe, puff, hiss
(Welsh)
sibilare (Italian)
siffler (French)

to hiss [<ME hissen], whistle [<OE hwistlian]?

x

bedingune,
bedinsân, azinru,
thus, adv.
(Persian)

tak, tak wiec, w
ten sposob, thus
(Polish)

etsi, thus (Greek)
kështu, kaq, në,
këtë mënyrë, pra,
si rrjedhim, thus
(Albanian)

sic

felly, adv. therefore,
so, thus, accordingly;
fel, conj, prep. like, so,
as that, thus, how
(Welsh)
cosi, come segue, thus
(Italian);
ainsi, adv., donc, thus;
thus far, jusqu'ici
(French)

so [<OE swa],
thus [<OE thus],
in this way, like
this, as follows, in
that case, to such a
degree

kRpANa [m], sword;
[f], scissors, dagger,
knife; kSurikA} [f],
knife, dagger; zastra
[n], knife, dagger;
zastra [n] zastri,
zastrika [f], sword,
weapon

dasne, dagger [n]
(Persian)

sztylet, dagger
(Polish)

dikopo machairi,
dagger (Greek)
kamë, kryq
[poligr.] (Albanian)

sica-ae [f], dagger, dirk, ponaird

bidog-au [m.f.], dagger,
bayonet; dagr-au m],
dagger (Welsh)
daga, pugnate[f], style
[m] (Italian)
poignard [m] (French)

dagger [<ME
daggere], dirk
[<Sc. durk];
stiletto [<It. stilo]

x

x

Sycylia, Sicily (Polish)

x

Sicilia-ae [f] [Siculi]
orum [m. pl], Sicily;
Siculus-a-um, Sicilian;

x

Sicilian, Sicily?

kAraNa, adj., cause,
reason, motive, sign,
mark, document,
proof; liGga [n], mark,
sign, emblem,
badge,characteristic,
proof, idol, gender;
cihva [n], sign, mark;
cihvay, -yati, to mark,
stamp, sign

nesâne, padide,
sign [n] (Persian)

godlo, objaw,
podpisac, reklama,
skinac, szyld,
wskazowka,
znaczyc, znak,
sign (Polish)

simeio, nevma,
pinakida, ypografo,
nevo, sign; simeio,
emporiko sima,
bathmos,
symeiono,
bathmologo, mark
(Greek)
firmos, nënshkruaj,
angazhoj, marr me
kontratë; bëj shenjë
to sign (Albanian)

signo-are, to sign;
signum-i, sign

arwyddo, to sign,
signify, connote,
indicate; llofnodi
(llawnodi), to sign;
marcio, to mark
(Welsh)
segno [m], sign; segnare
(Italian)
signe [m] sign; signer
(French)

to mark [<OE
mearc], inscribe,
to sign

adri [m], rock, stone,
esp. bruising or hurling
stone; mountain,
cloud; zAra [f],
mottled, spotted; [m],
a stone used at games;
pASANa [m]

sange âtaszane,
xârâ, sange xârâ,
flint [n]; partgâh,
cliff (Persian)

kamien do
zapalniczki,
krzemien, flint
(Polish)

tsakmakopetra,
flint (Greek)
gur stralli, gur
cakmaku, strall,
gurickë, flint
(Albanian)

silex-icis

fflint, flint; callestr [f],
flint; carreg (cerrig) [f],
stone (Welsh)
silice [f], flint (Italian)
silex [m], flint (French)

hard stone, flint
[<OE flint],
craig, rock, cliff

tUSNIbhAva [m],
silence; niHzabda, adj.
noiseless, silen;
silence; avyAhRta [n],
not speaking, silence

xâmusi, ârâmes,
silence [n]
(Persian)

cichy, milczacy,
silent (Polish)

erlent, adj. silent
(Albanian)

sileo-ere-ui

tawedog, adj. silent,
taciturn, reticent; tewi,
to be silent; distewi, to
be silent, calm, quiet,
to hush (Welsh)
silenzio [m] silence,
quiet (Italian)
silence[m], silence
(French)

to be still [<OE
still], silent, quiet;
hush [Prob. <ME
husht, silent]

zak, zaknoti, to be
able, assist

x

byc, be (Polish)

eimai, briskomai,
to be (Greek)
ekzistoj, jam,
gjendem, ndodhem,
gjej, vazhdoj të rri,
qëndroj, shkoj,
zhvillohem, to be
(Albanian)

sim

bod, to be, exist (Welsh)
sia (Italian)
sois (French)
asa, sa (Nesian, es), to
be (Hittite)

to be, 1st person
sing., subj.,"I am"

x

harcand, garce,
vali, adv., conj.,
however (Persian)

inaczej, w inny
sposob, w
prezeciwnym
razie, otherwise;
jakkolwiek,
jednak, jednakze,
however (Polish)

omos, however
(Greek)
megjithatë, mirëpo,
prapseprap, por,
however
(Albanian)

sin; but if, if however
sino, sinere, sivi,
situm, to let alone

hagen, conj. but,
moreover, however
(Welsh)
sino, until, as far as, up
to, down to, as much
as (Italian)
sinon, else, or else,
otherwise, if not,
except, unless (French)

but if, if however;
without; to let
alone, leave, allow,
to let

x

parde, curtain [n];
parcin, band,
hedge [n]; bârhâ,
adv. often
(Persian)

czesto, often
(Polish)

sychna, polles
fores, often
(Greek)

saepe, often;
saepio, saepire, saepsi,
saeptu, to hedge in

aml (amal), adv. often,
adj., frequent, abundant
(Welsh)
sipario [m], a curtain;
spesso, often (Italian):
rideau [m], a curtain;
souvent, often (French)

often [<OE oft],
frequently; to
enclose, hedge in,
surround, confine

x

gilâs, cherry [n]
(Persian)

czeresnia, wisnia,
cherry (Polish)
visnaitas (Baltic-
Sudovian)

kerasi (Greek)
qershi (Albanian)

cerasus-i [f], cherry

ceiriosen (ceirios) [f],
cherry (Welsh)
siris [f] (Scott)
cillegia [f] (Italian)
cerise [f], cherry
(French)

cherry [<Gk.
kerasos, cherry
tree]

vananA [f], desire;
IpsA, eSTi; varasyA,
[f], wish, desire;
kAmita [n],
wish, desire; tAma
[m], longing, desire;

meyl, kâm [n],
ârzu kardan, to
desire (Persian)

chec, pozadanie,
pragnac,
pragnienie,
zyczenie, zyczyc
sobie, desire
(Polish)

thelo, chreiazomai,
anagki, want
(Greek)
dëshirë, lutje, urim,
wish [n]; dëshiroj,
dua, uroj, to wish
(Albanian)