Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases with Indo-European cognates

7/14/06 Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases– Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE): Indo-European, Table 1, Section 1A Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan – based on the Etruscan_Phrases vocabulary.
Copyright © 1981-2006 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.

Etruscan_Phrases

 by Mel Copeland

(from a work published in 1981)

Table 1, Section 1A: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.

Sanskrit

Avestan & Armenian

Slavic & Baltic

Greek & Albanian

Latin

other

English

Etruscan

kas

ka, kahe, who
(Avestan)
ke, ce kasi, who;
ke, kodâm,
which;
ce,
kodâm, ânce,
what (Persian)

chto, pron. who;
cyj, pron. whose
sto, pron. what
(Belarus)
ka, what (Baltic
Sudovian)
kas (Lithuanian)

o opios, who; pou,
poios, which; ti,
puios, which;
poia,
poio
, what (Greek)
kush, who, qe, that (Albanian)

quae or qua

pwy, sawl, a, who;
pa, a, which; a, hwnnw
(honno [f]), that; hwn
(hon [f]), this; beth,
pa,
what (Welsh)
ci, who; ce, che,
quello, quella, cio, that
(Italian)
qui, who, c' that, they,
these, those, which
what (French)
kuse, Tocharian
kuis (Hittite)

who? which, what
(interrog.)
whoever,
whichever

ca, Script N74,
Q468, Q488, Au35;
BS-9

saMvRta, concealed,
kept secret, cautious;
yat, yatati, -te, to join,
connect, unite; take
pains, be cautious or
careful; prayatnavant,
assiduous, careful

âgâhi, ehtiyât,
caution [n];
âgâhânidan, to
be cautious
(Persian)

asciarozznasc [f],
caution, care,
prudence (Belarus)

prosochi,
profylaxi,
proeidopoio,
caution (Greek)
maturi, kujdes,
paralajmërim, njeri
argëtues [fj.fol.],
caution (Albanian)

caveo, cavere, cavi,
cautum

gochelgarwch [m]
wariness, caution
(Welsh)
cautela, caution [f]
(Italian)
caution [f]; avertir
(French)

to be on one's
guard

cave (ca8e),
Script N41, N553,
N624;
caver (ca8er), Script
N483;

rASTrabhedin [m],
rebel

x

bunt, buntowac
sie, powstanie,
rewolta, revolt
(Polish)

x

deficio-ficere -feci
fectum, to do less than
one might, to fail;
revolt, rebel, to fail

gwrthryfela, to revolt
(Welsh)
rivoltare, to revolt
(Italian)
révolter,
cabrer,
(French)

to rear, to shy, to
buck, to
revolt
[<Lat. revolvo
volvere -volvi
volutum
],
kick

kabro (ka8rv),
Script Q162;
cabro (ca8rv), Script
Q232

guNth, guNthayati, to
veil, conceal, hide,
cover;
chada, pp.
channa, to cover, veil,
hide, conceal, keep
secret

kur, nâbinâ,
târik, blind, adj.
xik, hide [n];
penhân kardan,
to hide (Persian)

chavac, kryc, to
hide; slapy, adj.
blind (Belarus)

tyflos, grilia,
tyflono, blind;
apo
krypto, conceal
(Greek)
fsheh, mbaj të
fshehtë, zhduk, fut,
to hide; verboj,
qorroj, to blind
(Albanian)

caeco-are

celu, to hide, conceal,
cloak, dissemble;
cuddio, to hide,
conceal, cloak, mask;
dirgelu, to secret,
conceal, hide; llechu, to
hide, shelter, lurk,
skulk; dallu, to blind,
dazzle, daze (Welsh)
nascondere, to hide
(Italian)
cacher, to hide, conceal
(French)

to make blind?
hide?

cace, Script M8

x

kodâm, har kas, any, adj., ce, adv.; barxi, andaki, yekcand, adj., andaki, pron., some (Persian)

chto, pron. who;
cyj, pron. whose
sto, pron. what
(Belarus)

o opoios, poios,
who; kapoios,
merikoi, peripou,
some (Greek)
dicka, adv., cilido,
ndonjë, kushdo,
pron. any; kush,
cili, who; i cili,
,
who, conj. , cili,
kush,
, which,;
ai;  ajo; 
ky;  atë; 
kjo; i cili;  e cila; 
;  kush, that,
pron. (Albanian)

quae

dim, peth, rhyw, un,
adj., unrhyw, adv. any;
peth, rhai, rhyw, adj.,
some; (Welsh)
alcuno, alcuni,
qualche, any;
chi, who;
che, that (Italian)
quelque, du, de, des, de
la, en, quiconque,
aucun, nul, personne,
any; quelque, certain,
du, de la, de l', des,
queques-uns, some;
qui, que, who, which
(French)

any [<OE aenig],
some [<OE sum];
relat. who, which,
what, that

cai, Script R80

x

x

x

x

fosse, canal, channel

It., canale, f. canal, channel;
Fr. canal, f. canal.

Chaina, person's
name?, canal?

Kaina, Script AB-1;
Caina, Script NC-3

ucchedanIya, adj. to be cut off

boridan, cidan,
zadan, to cut
(Persian)

scinac, sciac, cut
off, cut down
(Belarus)

niko, ypertero,
ktypo, beat; kobo,
tomi, cut; (Greek)
godas, rrah, godit,
fishkullon (era),
farkëtoj, perziej
(brumë), lodh,
mundoj, to beat;
kadencë [muz.]
(Albanian)

caedo, cadere, cecidi,
caetim

lladd, to kill, slay,
slaughter, cut; toli, to
reduce, cut, deduct;
torri, to break, cut,
facture, hack, hew,
crop, dig, write;
coedio,
to timber, beat, club,
escape, run away
(Welsh)
cadenza [f], cadence,
rhythm (Italian)
cadence [f], cadence
(French)

to cut, to beat, kill

caitim, Script Z674

zabda [m], sound, cry,
noise, call, word,
speech, sacered
syllable Om, name,
title;
zabdaM kR rasie
the voice, call aloud;
AzAvaNa [n], call

bâng zadan,
xândan, telefon
kardan;
farâxândan, to
summon
(Persian)

klikac, kliknuc, to
call; nazyvac,
nazvac, call, name
(Belarus)
preivaket
(Baltic-Sudovian)

tilafono, zitisi
(Greek)
bërtas, ftoj, thërras,
cartoj, them,
konsideroj
britmë, kërkesë,
thirrje, bisedë,
telefonike, to call;
bej thirrje, thërras,
thërres, to summon
(Albanian)

calo-are

galw, to call, name, dub, convene, hail (Welsh)
chiamare, gridare,
convocare, richiamare
(Italian)
appeler,
convoquer
(French)
harti, (hittite)

to call [<ON
kalla], summon

CAL, Script Z1408;
CaLA, Script Z463,
Z540, Z1408;

CaLa
, Script K46,
AH-7;
KALA, Script L38,
N149, Q737, R542;

KaLaS
, Script N533;
KaLE, Script R114;
KaLV, Script Q369,
Q388, R56, R108,
R121, R133, R150,
G-1

binduka [m], drop;
cyut, cyotati, to drop,
sprinkle'
gal, galati, pp.
galita, drip, drop, fall,
vanish, pass away,
gAlayati, cause to
drop, liquify, melt

ceke, âviz, [n], cekidan, to drop (Persian)

puskac, to drop;
upadak [m], fall,
drop, collapse
(Belarus)

stagona, afino na
pesi, ptosi, drop
(Greek)
pakësohem, ulem,
zvogëloj, to
decrease; ul, zbres,
pakësoj, poshtëroj,
vrenjtet, lower
(Albanian)

deicere, to drop

disgyn, to descend,
alight, dismount, light,
fall, drop, devolve, let
down;
gollwng, to
drop, loose, let go,
absolve, discharge,
dismiss, leak (Welsh)
calare (Italian)
tomber (French)

to lower, strike,
descend upon,
decline, set,
drop, decrease

KALI, Script Q360

x

x

x

x

callosus, hard skinned, solid

callosita, callous (Italian)
calleux, callous, hard
(French)

name? callous,
hard skinned?

calos (calvs),
Script M-1

nikuJja [m], thicket,
bower, vault; nAka
[m], celestial vault,
heaven, sky;
nabhastala [tala, place,
like the palm of the
hand] celestial vault;
apavAraka, bed
chamber; bhUmigRha,
an underground
chamber; vezman, n.
dwelling, house,
chamber.

sardâbe, gonbad,
sandog, vault
[n]' otâq, xâbgâh,
kade, chamber
[n], (Persian)

grobowiec,
piwnica,
sklepienie, vault;
izba,
komora,
pokoj,
sala,
chamber (Polish)

aithousa, thalamos,
chamber (Greek)
kube, kupolë, kupë
qiellore, qemer,
kërcim, zgavër
[anat.]
dhomë
[polit.], dhomëz
[anat.], chamber
(Albanian)

camera-ae [f]

beddgell (oedd [f]],
vault, catacomb,
cell
(oedd-au [f]),
siambr
[f], ystafell (oedd [f]),
chamber (Welsh)
camera [f] room,
chamber
(Italian)
camériste [f], chamber
maid (French)

vaulted chamber
[<LLat.
camera
ae
], vault?

CaMaReM,
Script M-74

zvas, zvasiti, zvasati,
te, blow, bluster, hiss,
whistle, snort, breathe,

sigh; lap, lapAta (-te),
chatter, prate, talk,
lament, wail;
kaj,
kUjati, -te
, make
inarticulate sounds,
cry, sing, moan, groan

nâle, groaning,
sigh; nâlidan, to
sigh, groan
(Persian)

jencec, moan
(Belarus)

thrino, bogko,
bogkito,
stenagmos, moan
(Greek)
kërcitje, rënkim,
ofshamë, groan;
rënkoj, ofshaj, to
groan; pëshpërit, to
sigh (Albanian)

gemmatus-a-um,
adorned with jewels;
gemitus-us [m], a sigh,
groan, groaning

griddfan, ochain,
tuchan, to groan;
gemog, adj. jeweled
(Welsh)
gemere, to groan;
gemma [f], gem, jewel
(Italian)
gémir, to groan; bijou [m], jewel (French)

bejeweled, jeweled
[<OFr. jöel]?
a sigh,
groan [<OE
granian]?

kamito (kamitv),
Script Q543

pragIta, singing;
arcayati, -te}, pp.
{arcita}
(q.v.) cause to
shine; honour, salute;
stu, stauti, stute,
stavate, sing, chant;
gA, gAyati (-te) &
gAti, praise, proclaim,
call with a song, sing
or call to

sarâyidan,
xândan, âvâz
xândan, to sing
(Persian)

picsnia [f], song
(Belarus)
grimat (Baltic
Sudovian)

tragoudo, psallo
(Greek)

këndoj
, to sing
(Albanian)

cano, canere,
cecin, cantum

canu, to sing, chant,
play, crow, ring
(Welsh)
can, va. cantainn, say,
sing, speak,
cànain, [m], a language
cantainn, singing,
speaking; (Scott)
kanañ, to sing (Breton)
canto [m] (1) song,
singing (2) corner;
cantare, to sing;
cantante [m] singer
(Italian)
chanter, to sing
(French)
sir (Hittite)

to sing, play, to
prophesy

kane, Script Q46;
kane (KaNE), Script
Q65, Q74, Q84,
Q95, Q416, Q717,
Q775, Q795, Q829,
R405
kaneto (KaNETV)
Script Q887
kanev (KaNE8)
,
Script Q821
kantor, KaNTVR,
Script Q311
KaNI, Script Q442,
Q452, Q460, Q805,
R596, R607
KaNIS, Script Q847,
R574, R584

see arco

shvaana

spâ , span [-],
sûnahe
(Avestan)
sag (Persian)

pas (Serbo
Croatian)
sabaka [m.]
(Belarus)
sunis (Baltic
Sudovian)

skylos (Greek)
mashkull,
qen
(Albanian)

canis-is

ci [m] (Welsh)
[m] (Scott)
ki (Breton)
cane [m] (Italian)
chien [m] (French)
can-(Illyrian)
kan (Lydian)
ku (Tocharian)
suwana, (Hittite)

dog

KANE, KaNE,
KaNES, KaNI,
KaNIS
, as listed
above

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chaneri, gens?

Kaneri, Script BS-11

x

x

x

x

Cannae-arum [f.pl]

x

place name, Cannae?

Canin, Script Z19, Z29, Z1177

palita [f], grey, hoary;
vidhUmra, adj. quite
grey; see vid, vetti, to
know

xâkestari, tusi,
sefid, adj.; sefid,
[n], grey kohan,
sâlxorde,
pir, old,
adj. (Persian)

sivy, sery, adj.
grey (Belarus)

vjec, aged; bëhem
gri, përhihet, to
become grey
(Albanian)

canus-a-um, whitish
grey, aged

llwyd (loyd), brown,
grey, pale, hoary
(Welsh)
vedi, grey (Italian)
gris, grey; vieux, viell,
vielle
, aged, old
(French)

name? aged,
whitish
grey

canua (canfa),
Script Z1319

kulapati [m], head of a
famly; zIrSan, head;
nirvyUDhi [f], issue,
end, top, summit;
cUlaka, tuft, crest,
adj.,
cUlikA, comb of a
cock, crest, summit

kolâh, cap; sar,
nok, ruy, top;
nok, bâlest,
târak, summit
(Persian)

sapka [f], cap;
kapitan [m],
captain, stalica [f],
capital (Belarus)

skoufos, kalypto,
ypertero, cap;
koryfi, skepasma,
anotatos, skepazo,
top (Greek)
kasketë, kësulë,
helmetë, kapak,
skufje,
kupë,
shkronja
kapitale,
cap (Albanian)

caput-itis, the head;
also the top, summit,
extremity, source;
capitaneus, command

cap-iau [m], cap; cochl-au [m.f.], mantell-oedd
[f], pall-on [m], mantle
(Welsh)
cappa [f] (Italian)
capuchon, capuce [m]
(French)

vault, mantle,
frock, cowl, cap
[<LLat.
cappa]?

cap, Script N149
cape, Script K74

x

x

x

x

caput-itis, the head;
also the top, summit,
extremity, source

x

name? Capari

capari, Script ZB-4,
Z842, Z1770

aja (m), ajaa [f]; basta
[m] a goat.

anumayanãm
[anumaya]
(Avestan)
boz, goat
(Persian)

jarac (Serbo
Croatian)
kaza [f] she-goat,
kaziol [m] he-goat
(Belarus)
azukas, he-goat;
aze, she-goat
(Baltic-Sudovian)

tragos, gida, goat
(Greek)
dhi, dash, kurbani
(Albanian)

caper-ri

bwch gafr (Welsh)
boc,
gabhar [f.] (Scott)
capra [f], capro,
caprone
, [m] (Italian)
chévre [f] she-goat
(French)

he-goat [<OE gat]

caper, Script Z532,
Z674
capere, Q297
caperi, Script ZB-4,
Z842, Z1770;
See Note 1)

cit, cetati, -te,
perceive, observe,
attend to, take care of,
conceive, understand,
know; budh, bodhati,
wake, awake, perceive,
understand, regard or
know;
vid, vetti,
understand, learn,
perceive, experience,
feel; think or be
mindful of, believe,
suppose, know

hozvârdan,
daryâftan,
âsnudan, to
understand
(Persian)

razumiec,
zrasumiec, to
understand;
razbiracca,
razabracca,
understand, be
well informed
(Belarus)

katalabaino,
katanoo,
understand (Greek)
kuptoj, marr vesh,
mendoj, kujtoj,
besoj, më duket se,
nënkuptoj, to
understand
(Albanian)

capire

deall, to understand (Welsh)
capire (Italian)
entendre, comprendre
(French)

to understand

kapire, Script N689,
N725, R286, R554,
R633
kapirus (kapirvs), Script Q683

x

x

x

x

Capua-ae

x

Capua, chief town
of Campania?

Capui (Capvi), Script Au67

puraetR [m], who goes
before, leader;
senAvAha [m],
camUnAtha, camUpa,
pati, leader of an army;
sArthapati [m], chief
or leader of a caravan;
grAmika [m], chief of a
village; nipa [m], chief,
master

pisvâ, rahbar,
farmândeh,
leader; gondâvar,
commander;
sar,
head (Persian)

pravadyr [m],
leader; halava [m],
head; zahadcyk
[m], commander
(Belarus)

archigos, leader;
pigi, source; kefali,
archigos, head
(Greek)
drejtues, kryetar,
dirigjent,
udhëheqës,
udhëzues,
kryeartikull, kalë
pruës, rol kryesor,
qen pruës, leader;
kokë, krye,
kryeifaqes,
njerëzish,
kryetar,
komandant, pruës,
head (Albanian)

caput-itis

pen-nau [m], head,
chief, top, apex, end,
extremity; blaenor-iaid
[m], leader, elder,
deacon (Welsh)
capo [m], head, top,
end, cape, chief, boss
(Italian)
capote [m] hooded
greatcoat;
capot, cloak bonnet,
cover (French)

the head, leader,
source,
director,
commander,

caputis (capvtis),
Script
Q117;
caputo (capvtv),
Script
Q84, Q162

cintA [f], thought,
consideration,
reflection, care or
sorrow about;
anyacintA [f], thought
or care of some one
else;
cAru, pleasant,
lovely, beautiful, dear

negahdâri,
parastâri, parvâ,
care [n]
(Persian)

apieka, achova [f],
care, protection;
klapacicca, ab
kaho, to care for;
sanowny, adj.
dear;
adsutny, adj.
absent (Belarus)

agapitos, akribos,
agapimenos, dear;
frontida, frontizo,
care; apon (Greek)
kujdesem, kam
kujdes, dua, pyes,
interesohem,
dëshiroj, to care;
kujdes, gajle, care
[n]; që mungon, i
hutuar, absent
(Albanian)

curo-are, to care for,
cure, rest;
carus-a-um, high
priced, dear, costly;
transf. dear, beloved;
careo-ere-ui, to be
without, be absent
from

arail, to guard, care for,
foster, cultivate
cur-iau [m], throb,
ache, pain, beat, care,
trouble;
absennu, to
absent oneself (Welsh)
caro, assenza [f],
absence (Italian)
cher; absence[f],
absence
(French)

to care for;
to be
absent [<Lat.
abense (abesse) to
be away] from, dear,
cherished

car, Script Z582;
caro, caru (carv), Script K13
care, Script PL-21

cAru, pleasant, lovely,
beautiful, dear

parvardan,
gerâmi dâstan, to
cherish (Persian)

apieka, achova [f],
care, protection;
klapacicca,
ab
kaho
, to care for;
sanowny, adj.
dear
(Belarus)

frontida, frontizo,
care; agapitos,
akribos,
agapimenos, dear
(Greek)
xhan, dua, to care
for; i dashurr, adj.,
dear; dua fort,
ushqej, mbaj gjallë,
to cherish
(Albanian)

curo-are, to care for
carus-a-um, adj. high
priced, dear
Transf. dear, beloved;
caritas-atis, [f.]
dearness

annwyl, adj., dear,
beloved, darling;
cariadus, adj., loving,
beloved, dear;
cu, adj.
dear, fond, kind,
beloved, favorite
drud-ion, dear,
precious, costly,
reckless; prid, adj.
dear, costly precious;
prid [m], price, value
(Welsh)
caraid [m.] friend,
relation;
carantas [m]
kindness, friendliness
(Scott)
caro, amabile, adj.
(Italian)
chéri [m], adj. dearest,
darling; chérir, to cherish, love
dearly (French)

to care for, dear,
high-priced,
beloved; to cherish

kare, Script Q406;
karen, Script R219
karo (karv), Script
N294;

kareto (karetv),
Script N341

shariira,
shariiaraM
shava
(cadaver)

asti astasca [asti,
asta]
kehrp [-], flesh, body;
tanu [-] [f]
(Avestan)
tan, badan,
body; gust,
maqze mive,
flesh; gust, nasâ,
lâs, lâse, corpse
(Persian)

telo, tijelo,
trup
meso (flesh
(Serbo-Croatian)
miasa (Belarus)
karveina,
beef;
karmenis
body, corpse;
navis,
mensa,
flesh, meat
(Baltic-Sudovian)

sarka, flesh;
kormos, body
(Greek)
karkasë, masë, body; mish,
trup,
mërshë, flesh
(Albanian)

caro, carnis
(flesh)

corff [m], body,
principal; celain, dead
body, corpse;
corpws
[m], body (Welsh)
feòil, boghain [f],
cairbh [f]
carcase, dead body,
corpse (Scott)
carne [f] flesh
(Italian)
chair [f] flesh
(French)
mísa, meat,
flesh; kektseñe
(Tocharian)

the body

carna, Script Z1216;
carnal, Script Z1243; carnis, Script Z1177;
karne
, Script R219, R238;
karnos, karnus
(karnvs)
, Script
Q701, R511;

mers, Script N194,
merso (mersv),
Script Q326, Q468

mersos (mersv)

Script Q294
masan, Script Au85
MASaN
Script Z1164
maso (masv)
Script K74, K92

kharayAna [n], a
donkey-cart;
zakaTikA, [f] a small
cart; anas [n], cart,
heavy wagon; rathin,
charioteer
bârkas,
cahârcarxe,
wagon;
gâri, cart
(Persian)
fura, furgon,
wagon, wagon
(Polish)
fortigo amaxi,
bagoni, wagon
(Greek)
karro, qerre,
kamion,
kamioncinë,
vagon,
mallrash,
veturë,
tryezë me rrota,
wagon;
coci,
chariot (Albanian)

carrus-i; wagon;
currus-us [m] chariot,
racing car

ben-ni [f], wain,
wagon, cart;
gwagen-ni
[f], wagon; men-ni [f],
wain, wagon, cart;
cerbyd-au [m], chariot,
coach, car;
cert-i [f],
cart; troli [f], cart,
float; trolian, to roll
(Welsh)
carro [m], cart, truck
(Italian)
char [m], chariot,
wagon; other words:
camion [m], voiture
[f], coche [f], coach
(French)
ansu.
kur.ra-chariot* (Hittite)
four-wheeled
baggage
wagon [<MDU. wagen]; coach [<Hung. kocsi], cart
carra, Script Z1641
x x x Charon (Greek) Charon-ontis x Charun, the
ferryman at the
river Styx
Charun (karvn), tomb
inscription of
Charon - 2 scenes
madhunADI [f], honey
cell; maTHikA [f],
hut, cottage, cell;
kArA [f], prison
zire zamin,
sardâb, cellar;
hoire, zendân,
sellul, cell
(Persian)
sklep [m], cellar
(Belarus)
keli, kyttaro,
stoicheio, cell
(Greek)
hojëz, qeli burgu,
celulë [polit.], qeli,
cell (Albanian)
carcer-eris [m]; cella-ae, room, store-room, chamber cafell-af [f], cell,
sanctuary, oracle;
cell
-oedd-au
[f], cell,
chamber, closet (Welsh)
cellula [f], cell; cella [f], cell, cellar (Italian)
cellule [f], cell (French)
prison cell; [<Lat. cella-ae, room, store-room, chamber] plural
carceres, the
starting point of a
race course
carsi, Script Z1319