Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Phrases, with Indo-European cognates

7/16/06 Etruscan Phrases – Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE): Indo-European, Table 1, Section 1A.1 Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan – based on the Etruscan_Phrases vocabulary.
Copyright © 1981-2006 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.

Etruscan_Phrases

 by Mel Copeland

(from a work published in 1981)

Table 1, Section 1A.1: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.

Sanskrit

Avestan & Armenian

Slavic & Baltic

Greek & Albanian

Latin

other

English

Etruscan

kuJcikA [f], a key

kelid, hangâm, key
(Persian)

kluc [m], key (Belarus)

kleidi, key (Greek)
celes, syc, hapës,
grep, kunj, zgjidhje,
person,
kyc; key,
kyc, mbyll, to key
(Albanian)

clavis-is [f], a key

agoriad-au [m], key, opening, to open
allwedd-i-au [f], key,
cleff, legend; cywair,
to order, key, tune,
repair [in musical
sense] (Welsh)
chiave [f] (Italian)
clé or clef [f] (French)

key [<OE caeg]

chiafe, Script VF-3; Note 3)

x

ka, kahe, who
(Avestan)
ke, ce kasi, who;
ke, kodâm,
which;
ce,
kodâm, ânce,
what; ke, conj.,
ke,
ân, pron., that
(Persian)

chto, pron. who;
cyj, pron. whose;s
to, pron., what
heta, pron., it,
that; hety, pron. =
toj, this, that
(Belarus)

to opoion, whom;
ti, poios, poia,
poio, what (Greek)
cilit, kujt, cilin, kë,
i cili, që, whom;
cfarë, c, sa, adj.,
përvec se, conj.
what (Albanian)

qui, quae, quod,
interrog., adj.; exclam.;
indef., any, some;
relat. who, which,
what, that

chi, who, whom,
whose, he who, they
who, etc. (Italian)
qui (French)

who, which what,
that

ci, Script Z290,
Z1282, Z1310,
Z1438, Z1654,
TC327, K136, AJ-9,
R108

kas

ka, kahe, who
(Avestan)
ke, ce kasi, who;
ke, kodâm,
which;
ce,
kodâm, ânce,
what; ke, conj.,
ke,
ân, pron., that
(Persian)

chto, pron. who;
cyj, pron. whose;s
to, pron., what
heta, pron., it,
that; hety, pron. =
toj, this, that
(Belarus)

to opoion, whom;
ti, poios, poia,
poio, what (Greek)
cilit, kujt, cilin, kë,
i cili, që, whom;
cfarë, c, sa, adj.,
përvec se, conj.
what (Albanian)

qui, quae, quod,
interrog., adj.; exclam.;
indef., any, some;
relat. who, which,
what, that

pwy, sawl, a, who;
pa, a, which; a, hwnnw
(honno [f]), that; hwn
(hon [f]), this; beth,
pa, what (Welsh)
chi, who, whom,
whose, he who, they
who, etc. (Italian)
qui (French)
kuis (Hittite)

who, which what,
that

KI, Script Z1161,
M67, M78;
Ki, Script Z29,
Z489, Z665, Z709, J
11, M74, AE-1, AN
5, AN-55, R13,
R108, R164, G9;
Ki, Script Q21, M13, M74

caks, caSTe, cakSate (
ti), to see, look at,
consider, announce,
declare, tell, say
behold, view, call by
name, name, explain,
cause to appear; ketay,
-yati, summon, invite;
cyu, cyavate (-ti), to
move, stir, waver,
shake, escape, flow,
vanish, pour out,
loosen, drop down,
follow

bâng zadan,
xândan, telefon
kardan;
farâxândan, to
summon;
nâm [n],
nâmidan, to name
(Persian)

abjasniac, v. imp.,
abjasnic, v. perf.,
to explain;
rastlumacyc, to
explain; tlumacyc,
explain (Belarus)

kinoumai, kino,
move; diefkrinizo,
clarify; klitevo,
kalo, summon
(Greek)
bëj thirrje, ftoj në
mbledhje, thërras,
thërres, ftoj në gjyq
summon; kulloj,
quartësoj, clariify
(Albanian)

cieo, ciere, civi, citum

croywi, to clear,
clarify, freshen;
egluro,to make clear,
explain, clarify,
elucidate, exemplify,
illustrate; esbonio, to
explain, expound,
comment (Welsh)
chiarire, to clarify,
explain (Italian)
expliquer, to explain
(French)

to move, stir,
excite, summon,
call by name, name

cia, Script
Z54, Z681, M74,
Q326, Q458, J29;
kian, Script TC190
ciem, Script Z1088,
Z1097, K67

pAda [m], foot, leg,
foot as a measure,
column, pillar, ray,
beam; zAkhA [f],
branch, limb, arm, leg,
finger, ramification

pâ, pâye, leg
(Persian)

naha [f], leg
(Belarus)

podi, leg (Greek)
këmbë, këmbëz,
protezë, fazë,
pjesë, leg
(Albanian)

cicur-uris, tame; crus,
cruris
, the shin, shin
bone, leg;
pes, pedis [f], the foot

coes-au [f], leg, shank
(Welsh)
zampa, leg (Italian)
gigot [m], leg of lamb;
pied [m], foot, leg
(French)

leg of lamb? tame?

kikoi, kikui, (kikvi),
Script M78
This word is probably KI KV

adman [n], food; azitra
[n], food;
aza [m],
food; kSu [n] food,
ghasi [m], food;
rabdhA [f], food

xorâk, food; xorâk,
parvares, parvâr,
nourishment
(Persian)

jeza [f], food
(Belarus)

trefo, trefomai,
trofi, feed (Greek)
haje, ushqim,
artikuj ushqimor,
tëngrëna, food;
mbaj gjallë, ushqej,
to nourish
(Albanian)

cibus-i [m]; pascare, to
feed

bwyd -dd [m], food;
lluniaeth [m], food,
nourishment, diet,
repast; porthiant
(porthiannau) [m],
food, sustenance,
support, forage;
ymborth [m], food,
board, diet, fare,
repast, provisions
(Welsh):
cibo [m] food; cibare,
to feed to take
precaution [f], caution,
(Italian)
nourrir, to feed;
nourriture [f],
aliment
[m], food (French)

food [<OE foda],
fodder [<OE
fodor],
nourishment
[<Lat. nutrio-ire]

ciba, civa (cifa),
Script, Z648;
cibas, civas (cifas),
Script AN49

x

kasi, anyone; har
ciz
, har kâr,
anything (Persian)

niejki, pron.
anyone, certain (Belarus)

opoiosdipote,
anyone; otidipote,
kati, anything
(Greek)
ndonjë, ndokush,
anyone; dicka,
cfarëdoqoftë,
gjithcka, gjësend
(Albanian)

quilibet, quaelibet,
quodibet [subst.
quidibet]

neb [m], anyone, no
one, nobody, none,
nonentiy; unrhywun
[m], anyone (Welsh)
chiunque, qualcuno,
chicchessia (Italian)
quelqu'un, anybody
(French)

anyone, anything?

cilba, cilva (cilfa),
Script Z1310

x

x

x

x

x

x

name, Cilen? See CILeR below

CILEN, Script PL-3, PL-34
CILENI Script, PL-22

tvar, tvarate (-ti, to
hasten, hurry,
accelerate, snatch
away; cud,
codati, -te,
to impel, incite, urge,
hasten, speed, procure,
request, command

setâbândan,
tond sodan,
to accelerate
(Persian)

chutki, sparki,
adj., quick, rapid,
fast (Belarus)

epitachyno,
accelerate;
biazomai, hasten
(Greek)
nxitoj, ngut,
shpejtoj, nxitohem,
ngutem, to hasten
(Albanian)

celo-are

chwimio, to move, stir,
accelerate; cyflymu,
accelerate, speed;
brysio, ffrystio, to
hasten, hurry;
clau, adj. quick, swift,
fast, soon; chwim, adj.
nimble, quick, agile
(Welsh)
accelerare, to accelerate
(Italian)
rapid, prompt, swift
accélerer, to accelerate;
ciller, to blink (French)

to make quick
[<OE cwicu, alive],
accelerate [Lat.
accelero-are],
hasten [<OFr.
haste, of Gmc. orig]

CILeR, Script,
Z317, Z386, Z470,
Z701, Z1006,
Z1065, Z1662,
Z1800;
CILeRII, Script
K79;
CILeReS, Script
Z290, Z872, Z937,
Z999, Z1386, Z1807

nirvyUDhi, f. issue,
end, top, summit;
zikhara, m. peak, top,
summit; agra, front,
top, summit;
beginning, the highest
or best of anything

barezimanãm
[barez], high,
exalted (Avestan)
nok, setiq [n], sar
zadan, to peak
(Persian)

najvysejsy, adj.
top, biggest,
tallest (Belarus)

koryfi, summit
(Greek)
majë,
kulm, pik
(Albanian)

cacumen, culmen, apex

copa-u -on [m], top,
apex, crest, summit,
head; gwarthaf [m],
top, summit (Welsh)
beann [m.] (Scott)
cima [f] (Italian)
cime [f] (French)

top, summit, peak [< OE pic, a sharp point?]

kim, Script Z1607
kimi, Script Z591;

x

x

x

monstër (Albanian)

chimaera-ae [f]

chimère [f] (French)

Chimaera

KIMeR, Script
Z1203, Z1562, K131

agnisAt, adv. into fire;
{-kR} burn;
vahvisAtkR, to burn,
cremate;
uS, oSati &
uSNAti
, burn,
consume, destroy,
punish;
Asa [m],
ashes, dust; bhas,
bhasi, ashes

xâkestar sodan,
suzândan, to
incinerate;
suzândan, suxtan,
to burn;
xâkestar,
ash [n] (Persian)

palic, vi. imp.,
spalic, v. perf.,
burn; spazyvac, v.
imp. spazyc, v.
perf., to consume
(Belarus)

apotefrono,
incinerate; kaio,
kaiomai, burn
(Greek)
djeg, shkrumboj, to
incinerate; digjem,
marr flakë, djeg,
consumoj, vë
zjarrin, ndez ndrit,
ndris, përvëloj, to
burn (Albanian)

incendo-cendere-cend
census; cinis-eris
[m],
rarely [f], ashes;
ceno-are, to dine

brydio, to burn,
inflame, boil, throb;
ennyn, to kindle,ignite,
burn, inflame, excite,
foment; llosgi, to burn,
scorch, smart; lludu
[m], ashes, ash
(Welsh)
incindiare, to set fire
to;
cenere [f], ashes
incendier, to set fire to;
cendre [f], ashes
(French)

to burn [<OE
beornan &
baernan], incinerate;
ashes [<OE asce];
to dine?

cina, Script TC46, N41, N491, N543, N573, N598, N615, N647, N689, N711, Q435, Q422, Q481
cinas, Script N11
cine, Script N139
cini, Script R447
cino, cinu (cinv),
Script
N53,
N216, N483,
N624, Q84, Q127,
R370, R447, R607.
R619, Aph-7?
cinus, cinus (cinvs),
Script
N230, N244
See Note 1)

kas

ke, ce kasi, who;
ce kasi râ, be ce
kasi, whom; az âne
ke, ke az âne u,
whose; darun,
andarun, tuye,
adv., darun
andarun, prep.
(Persian)

chto, pron. who;
cyj, pron. whose;
pron., what
heta, pron., it,
that; hety, pron. =
toj, this, that
(Belarus)

o opoios, poios,
who; poiou, tinos,
poianou, tou
opoiou, whose; ti,
poios, poia, poio,
what; opoiosdipote
anybody (Greek)

cilit, kujt, cilin, kë,
i cili, që, whom;
cfarë, c, sa, adj.,
përvec se, conj.
what (Albanian)

quis, quid; pron.
interrog. who? what?
which? indef. anyone,
anybody, anything;
cis, prep., with acc. on
this side of, within

pwy, a, sawl, who;
beth, pa, what; pa, a, which; mewn, ymhen, within (Welsh)
chi, rel. pron. who,
whom, whose; he, she,
they who; whoever,
whomever, one who;
entro, within
(Italian)
qui, interrog. pron.
who? whom? rel. pron.
who, which, that,
whom;
dans, within
(French)
kuis, who (Hittite)

cis – who, whom,
whose, what,
which, anybody?
kis – within?

cis, Script Q117, Z606, Z614, Z622, Z629, Z638, Z776; MS13
CiS, Script K79
kis, Script Z84, Z103, Z255, Z300, Z369, Z396, Z880, Z953

rathin, going in a
carriage, carriage or
cart; charioteer [m]
rathary, ratharyati, go
in a chariot;
vAhin,
moving on a carriage, a
wagon, chariot [f], an
army or division of an
army; anas [n], cart,
heavy wagon

ratha [-] m.
rathaêshtar
[-],
warrior,
charioteer
(Avestan)
kâleske, rahbare
varzesi, âmuzgâr,
coach;
gâri, cart
(Persian)

autokar, dylizans,
korepetytor, powoz,
trener, trenowac,
udzielac korepetycji,
wagon (Polish)
samachod,
awtamobil [m], car
(Belarus)

amaxa, coach;
karo, cheiramaxa,
cart (Greek)
koci, vagon, wagon (Albanian)

cisum-iam, chariot,
light two-wheeled
vehicle;
carrus-i; wagon;
currus-us [m] chariot,
racing car

cerbyd-au [m], chariot,
coach, car;
cert-i [f],
cart (Welsh)
cairt [f] cartach,
cartachean
, cart; carbad
[m] carriage, chariot
(Scott)
cocchio [m] chariot,
coach (Italian)
char [m], coche [f],
coach (French)

chariot, light two
-wheeled vehicle,
cart, [<ON cartir] coach coach [<Hung. kocsi],

cisum (cisvm) Script
Z84, Z111, Z214,
Z308, Z378, Z455,
Z953, Z1057; See
carra

caks, caSTe, cakSate (
ti), to see, look at,
consider, announce,
declare, tell, say
behold, view, call by
name, name, explain,
cause to appear;
ketay,
-yati
, summon, invite;
ir, irte, irayati,-te, to
bring forth, raise the
voice, utter, proclaim,
cite, procure, obtain

bâng zadan,
xândan, telefon
kardan;
farâxândan, to
summon;
nâm [n],
nâmidan, to name
(Persian)

klikac, v. imp.,
kliknuc, v. perf.,
to call (Belarus)

klitevo, kalo,|
summon; diegeiro,
erethizo, exapto,
excite; efesi,
efesiballo, appeal
(Greek)

bëj thirrje, ftoj në
mbledhje, thërras,
thërres, ftoj në gjyq
summon; kulloj,
quartësoj, clarify
(Albanian)

cito-are, to put in
motion, excite, start
up, summon, call
forward, esp. for
military purposes;
hence to appeal to,
point to authorities

dyfynno, to cite,
quote, summon;
gwysio, to summon,
convene, convoke,
evoke (Welsh)
citare (Italian)
citer (French)

to summon; with
a suffix / ephitet
perhaps containing
the names of
persons or things:
lav, lo, lov, lop?

See cita, below

cit lav (citla8),
Script N324
cit lo (cit lv), Script
Q202, Q229
cit lov (citlv8)
Script N-1
cit lop (citlvp),
Script N31; see
cita

caks, caSTe, cakSate (
ti), to see, look at,
consider, announce,
declare, tell, say
behold, view, call by
name, name, explain,
cause to appear;
ketay,
-yati
, summon, invite;
ir, irte, irayati,-te, to
bring forth, raise the
voice, utter, proclaim,
cite, procure, obtain

naql kardan, to
quote; irâd kardan,
taqdir kardan
(Persian)

cudzyslow, cytat,
cytowac
, przytaczac,
wymieniac, quote
(Polish)
klikac, v. imp.,
kliknuc, v. perf.,
to call (Belarus)

paratheto, klitevo,
anafero, cite
(also, see above,
Greek)
citoj, hap thonjëza,
përmend, caktoj
vlerë, to quote;
citat [n], quote
(Albanian)

cito-are, to put in
motion, excite, start
up, summon, call
forward

dyfynno, to cite,
quote, summon;
gwysio, to summon,
convene, convoke,
evoke (Welsh)
citare (Italian)
citer (French)

to quote [<Lat.
quotus-a-um, of
what number], sue,
summon; define
[[Lat.
definio-ire, to
limit, bound, mark
out]

cita, Script J54
citi, Script Z439,
Z421
cito (citv), Script
Q512, Q543, Q692,
Q775, Q795, Q821,
R437, R499
citho (cithv), Script
Q806

x

harke, whoever;
har ânce, harce,
whatever;
hicgune, harce,
ânce, whatsoever
(Persian)

x

opoiosdipote,
whoever; otidipote,
whatever (Greek)
cfarëdo, cilido, adj.,
aspak, fare, adv.,
sidoqoftë
(Albanian)

quivis, quaevis,
quidvis; adj. quodvis

chinunque, whoever;
qualunque, whatever
(Italian)
quinconque, celui, qui,
whoever (French)

whoever,
whatever,
whatsoever?

citves (citfes),
Script Z937

daNDaka [m], stick,
staff; zamyA [f], staff,
peg, prop, stay,
certain measure of
length; rambha [m],
prop, support, staff;
laguDa [m], club,
cudgel; gadA [f], mace,
club; lakuTa [m], a
club

kârkonân,
kârmandân, staff;
cowgân, gorz,
bâsgâh, club
(Persian)

kadry [pl.,
stastaw [m], staff
(Belarus)

prosopiko,
epiteleio, rabdos,
staff; leschi,
syllogos, somateio,
club (Greek)
stap, dërrasë fucie,
stave, comange,
dajak, shkop,
topuz, cudgel
(Albanian)

clava-ae [f]

ffon [f], stick, staff,
cudgel; paladr
(pelydr) [m], ray,
beam, staff, stem
(Welsh)
clava [f], club (Italian)
bâton [m], staff; trique
[f], gourdin [m], cudgel
massue [f], club
(French)

staff, [<OE staef], cudgel [OE cycgel], club [<ON klubba]

clav (cla8),
Script Z1334, R542

kuJcikA [f], a key

kelid, hangâm, key
(Persian)

kluc [m], key (Belarus)

kleidi, key (Greek)
celes, syc, hapës,
grep, kunj, zgjidhje,
person,
kyc; key,
kyc, mbyll, to key
(Albanian)

clavis-is [f], a key

agoriad-au [m], key, opening, to open
allwedd-i-au [f], key,
cleff, legend; cywair,
to order, key, tune,
repair [in musical
sense] (Welsh)
chiave [f] (Italian)
clé or clef [f] (French)

key [<OE caeg]

cle, Script K74, K92
clev (clef), Script
Z681
cleva (clefa), Script
Au82
cles, Script Q737,
BS-21

x

x

x

x

x

x

personal name?

clenar, Script AF-1
CLENaRON
(CLENaRVN)
,
Script K64

x

x

x

x

x

x

personal name?

clensi, Script AL-1

suketu adj., very
bright;
bRhaddyuti
adj., shining bright;
ketumant, adj., bright,
clear; virociSNu, adj.,
shining bright; dIdi,
{dIdyati}, to shine,
gleam, be bright or
visible, please;
las,
lasati
, to gleam, glance,
sound forth, appear,
rise, shine, glitter

tâbidan,
deraxsidan, to
shine; rowsan,
deraxsân, âftâbi,
adj. bright
(Persian)

bystry, jaskrawy,
jasny, pogodny,
sprytny, bright
(Polish)

lampo, gyalizo,
lampsi,
gyalisma,
stilboma, shine;
aktida,
lampsi,
aktinobolo,
lampo,
gleam (Greek)
fërkoj, shkëlquej,
feks, ndricoj,
farfurit, ndrit,
shndrit, shouhem;
to shine; dritë,
lustër, ndricim,
shkëlqim, shine [n]
(Albanian)

clareo-ere, to be bright,
to shine; transf. to be
evident, distinguished;
adj.
clare, clearly,
brightly, distinctly;
luceo, lucere, luxi, to
be bright, shine, glitter,
clear, evident

disgleiro, to shine,
dazzle, glare, glitter,
glisten, irradiate; heulo,
to shine, to shine like
the sun;
llewyrchu, to
shine; tywynno, to
shine;
claer, adj. clear,
bright, shining; llachar,
adj., bright, brilliant,
flashing, dazzling,
luminious;
gloyw-on,
bright, clear, shinny,
glossy;
pefr, adj.
radiant, bright,
beautiful; trybelid, adj.
bright, brilliant
(Welsh)
lucidare, brillare, to
shine (Italian)
briller, luire, to shine;
éclairer, to shine on;
clarté [f], light,
clearness, brightness,
gleam (French)

to be bright [<OE
beorht], shine [<OE
scinan]; evident,
distinguished;
glare
[<ME glaren]; to
glow [<ME
glowan], glisten
[<OE glisnian],
amp

cleri, Script Z317,
Z380, Z960, Z1006,
Z1065, Z1801
CLeRII, Script
TC28

x

x

x

kafaz,thurimë,
trinë,
trellis; grilë,
skarë, grating
(Albanian)

clatri-orum [m., pl.]

gradell (gredyll) [f],
griddle, grill, gridiron;
gril [m], grill (Welsh)
graticcio [m], trellis
(Italian)
trellisser, to [make a]
trellis (French)

trellis [Lat. trilix,
woven with three
threads]; grating,
grate, grill [<Lat.
cratis, wickerwork]

kletra, Script Q342
kletram, Script Q342
cletram, Script Z-1,
Z-5, Z29, Z155,
Z180, Z186, Z1021,
Z1846, Z1861
kletre, Script Q351

caks, caSTe, cakSate (
ti)
, to see, look at,
consider, announce,
declare, tell, say
behold, view, call by
name, name, explain,
cause to appear; kathanIya, to be told or named; gIta adj., sung, praised, named; khyAta adj., named, called, known, celebrated.

nâm [n], nâmidan,
to name (Persian)

nazyvacca, to be
called; nazyvac,
v. imp., nazvac, v.
perf., to call, name
(Belarus)

onoma, onomazo,
diorizo, name;
thema, proposition
(Greek)
emëroj, quaj,
caktoj, vë emrin,
them, përmend, to
be named; emër,
emërim,
titull,
fytyrë, mbiemër,
reputacion, familje,
person i njohur, fis,
name [n]
(Albanian)

clueo-ire; am named,
called;
nomino-are, to
name, give a name, to
mention, speak about

enwi, to name, label,
instance, denominate,
nominate;
galw, to call,
name, dub, convene,
denominate, hail
(Welsh)
cloe, namely (Italian)
s'appeler, to be named,
called (French)
lamen, to name, call
(Hittite)

am named, called [<ON kalla]

clu (clf), Script AJ-9
clo (clv), Script
Au27; see
calo

khaJj, khaJjati, to limp

sal, lang, adj., to
limp, langidan
(Persian)

kulec, utykac,
utykanie, limp
(Polish)

koutsamara,
koutsaino,
cholaino, apalos,
malakos, pladaros,
xepsychismenos,
limp (Greek)
caloj, eci me
mundim, to limp;
caloj, pengoj, to
hobble (Albanian)

claudico-are, to be
lame, halt, waver

cloffi, to lame, halt,
cripple, founder, limp;
hercian, herci, to hop,
hobble, limp, bob;
honcian, honci, to
waggle, jolt, limp
(Welsh)
zoppicare (Italian)
clocher, (French)

to limp [<obsolete, limphalt, lame], hobble [<MDu. hobbelen]

CLOCeR
(CLVCeR)
,
Script Z834

zaGku [m.], a pointed
peg or wooden nail,
stake, pike, beam,
arrow, spear; vezI [f],
pin; ANi [m], the pin
of the axle-tree

nâxon, mix, cangâl,
nail [n]; suzan,
sanjâq [n], pin
(Persian)

gwozdz,
paznokiec,
przybijac
gwozdziami,
wbijac
gwozdzie, nail
(Polish)
spilka [f], pin
(Belarus)

karfi, nychi, nail;
karfitsa, karfitso,
pin (Greek)
gozhdoj, ngul një
gozhdë, ngul,
mbërthej, me
gozhdë, fiksoj, kap,
to nail;
kthetër,
thua, capua,
gozhdë, nail [n]
(Albanian)

clavus-i, [m], a nail,
spike; a stripe of
purple on tunics, worn
by senators & knights

hoelio, hoeli, to nail,
pin;
cethr-i-au [f], nail, spear (Welsh)
inchiodare (Italian)
clouer, to nail, pin
down (French)

to nail [<OE naegl],
spike [<ME spyk]

cloue, clove (clv8e),
Script N149

nirvahaNa [n], issue,
end, close; mukulay,
yati, to close;
supidhAna, adj., well
shut up; roddhavya,
adj., to be closed or
shut;
mil, milati, pp.
milita, to close the
eyes, wink; close,
shut, close up,
disappear, vanish

nazdik, tang, adj.,
bastan, bepâyân
rasânidan, to close
(Persian)

zakryty, adj.,
shut, closed;
zacyniac, v. imp.,
~nic, v. perf., to
close (Belarus)

kleio, termatizo,
close;
kleio,
kleistos, shut
(Greek)
myull