Etruscan Phrases -- Grammar (verbs continued)
by Mel Copeland
(from a work published in 1981)
This grammar of Etruscan words is selected from Indo-European Table 1 which is a map showing the relationships of the wor
ds found in the Etruscan vocabulary. This table was consolidated as Etruscan Glossary, in Excel format, Etruscan_GlossaryA.xls, and the conjugation and declension patterns shown herein.
Etruscan_Grammar.xls, formed the basis of this work. To review the current state of the glossary and grammar use the Excel spreadsheets. See Etruscan_Grammar.html for our commentary on the grammar.
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English, Verbs
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References (L. = Latin, It. = Italian, Fr. = French, etc.)
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Etruscan
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fling, to hurl
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L. iacio-iacere; It. tirare, Fr. tirer
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TIR (I fling)
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fling, to hurl
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L. iacio-iacere; It. tirare, Fr. tirer
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TIRI (you hurled)
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have, to possess
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L. habeo-ere; It. avere, Fr. avoir
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HA (he/she has)
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have, to possess
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L. habeo-ere; It. avere, Fr. avoir
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HE (you have)
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have, to possess
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L. habeo-ere; It. avere, Fr. avoir
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HIA
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have, to possess
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L. habeo-ere; It. avere, Fr. avoir
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HO (HV) (I have)
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have, to possess
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L. habeo-ere; It. avere, Fr. avoir
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HOS (HVS) (you have)
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heal, to cure
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L. sano-are, sanus-a-um; It. sanare; Fr. sain, healthy
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SANS (healthy? I cure)
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heal, to cure
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L. sano-are; It. sanare
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SANA (he, she cures)
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heal, to cure
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L. sano-are; It. sanare
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SANI (you cured)
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heal, to cure
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L. sano-are; It. sanare
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SANO (SANV) (to cure)
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sound, to celebrate
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L. sono-sonar; It. sonare; Fr. Sonner; Welsh, swnio
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SON (SVN) (I sound, celebrate)
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sound, to celebrate
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L. sono-sonar; It. sonare; Fr. Sonner; Welsh, swnio
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SONA (SVNA) (he, she celebrates)
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sound, to celebrate
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L. sono-sonar; It. sonare; Fr. Sonner; Welsh, swnio
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SONE (SVNE) (you celebrate)
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immerse, to dip
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L. merso, are
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MERSO (MERSV) (to immerse)
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immerse, to dip
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L. merso, are
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MERSOS (MERSVS) (we immerse)
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rural, to live in the country (bedew?)
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L. ruro-are
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ROR (RVR) (See RO, bedew)
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rural, to live in the country (bedew?)
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L. ruro-are
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RORAS (RVRAS)
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rural, to live in the country (bedew?)
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L. ruro-are
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ROROS (RVRVS)
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detach, to separate
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It. staccare, stac, cliff
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STAKAS (you detach, separate)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TEN (I hold)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENA (he, she holds)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENE (you hold)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENIN (they hold)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENO (TENV) (to hold?)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENeR (to hold)
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quiet, to be silent
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L. sileo-ere-ui; It. silenzio, silence; Fr. silence, silence
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SILA (he/she is quiet)
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quiet, to be silent
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L. sileo-ere-ui; It. silenzio, silence; Fr. silence, silence
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SILAR (to be quiet)
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speak, to talk
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It. raccontare; Fr. raconter; Belarus, raicca; Toch. rake
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RAK
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speak, to talk
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It. raccontare; Fr. raconter; Belarus, raicca; Toch. rake
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RAKaR
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straighten, to tighten
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L. stringo, stringere; It. stretta, tightening; Fr. serrer
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STRETA (he, she makes straight)
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straighten, to tighten
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L. stringo, stringere; It. stretta, tightening; Fr. serrer
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STRETER (to make straight)
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collect, thicken, congeal
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L. cogo, cogere
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COGI (CObI) (you congealed)
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collect, thicken, congeal
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L. cogo, cogere
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COKAR (CVKAR) (to congeal)
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collect, thicken, congeal
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L. cogo, cogere
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COKE (you congeal)
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collect, thicken, congeal
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L. cogo, cogere
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COKO (CVCV) (I congeal)
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guard, to be on, be wary
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L. caveo, cavere
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CAVE (CA8E) (you are wary)
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guard, to be on, be wary
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L. caveo, cavere
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CAVER (CA8ER) (to be wary)
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beat, to combat
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L. pugno-are
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PUNE (PFNE) (you combat)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PREC (I beg) (See PREK)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PREK (I beg)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PRECE (you beg)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PRECER (to beg)
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honor, to respect
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L. honore-are; It. onorare; Fr. honorer; Polish, honor
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ONOM (VNVM) (honored)
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honor, to respect
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L. honore-are; It. onorare; Fr. honorer; Polish, honor
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ONOR (VNVR) (to honor)
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find, to get again
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L. reperio-reperie
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REPIN (I honor)
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find, to get again
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L. reperio-reperie
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REPINE (you honor)
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arrange, to compose, tidy
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L. como, comere
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KOMA (KVMA) (he/she arranges)
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arrange, to compose, tidy
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L. como, comere
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KOMO (KVMV) (I arrange)
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arrange, to compose, tidy
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L. como, comere
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KOMIAU (KVMIA8) (arranged, composed)
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rest, await, make a stand
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L. resto-stare-stiti
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RESTA (he/she rests)
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rest, await, make a stand
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L. resto-stare-stiti
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RESTEU (RESTE8)
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rest, await, make a stand
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L. resto-stare-stiti
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RESTuM (RESTvM) (of the rest, rested)
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conspire, to take an oath
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L. coniuro-are; It. congiurare
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KONA (KVNA) (he/she pledges) (See CONA)
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conspire, to take an oath
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L. coniuro-are; It. congiurare
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CONA (CVNA) (he/she pledges) (See KONA)
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conspire, to take an oath
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L. coniuro-are; It. congiurare
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CONO (CVNV) (I / to pledge)
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fear, to quake
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L. paveo, pavere; It. paura, fear; Fr. peur, dread
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PAV (PAF) (I fear)
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fear, to quake
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L. paveo, pavere; It. paura, fear; Fr. peur, dread
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PAVA (PAFA) (he/she fears)
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fear, to quake
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L. paveo, pavere; It. paura, fear; Fr. peur, dread
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PAEVEIS (PAEFEIS) (see frighten)
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harrow, to plow
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L. occo-are; Welsh, ogedu; og-au, harrow
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OCE (VCE) (you harrow) (See OK and UK)
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harrow, to plow
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L. occo-are; Welsh, ogedu; og-au, harrow
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OCEM (harrowed)
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harrow, to plow
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L. occo-are; Welsh, ogedu; og-au, harrow
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OCEV (OCE8)
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harrow, to plow
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L. occo-are; Welsh, ogedu; og-au, harrow
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OCI (you harrowed)
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be able, to do
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L. queo, quire, quivi
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QISI (you did)
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hope, to expect
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L. sperare; spes-ei, hope; It. sperare; Fr. ésperer
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SPE (you hope)
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expiate, to loose, atone for
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L. luo, luere, lui, luiturus
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LUI (LVI)
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expiate, to loose, atone for
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L. luo, luere, lui, luiturus
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LUIS (LVIS)
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expiate, to loose, atone for
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L. luo, luere, lui, luiturus
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LUR (LVR) (see ghost)
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expiate, to loose, atone for
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L. luo, luere, lui, luiturus
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LURI (LVRI)
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expiate, to loose, atone for
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L. luo, luere, lui, luiturus
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LURS (LVRS)
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expiate, to loose, atone for; probably light
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L. luo, luere, lui, luiturus; lux, lucis, light
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LUS (LFS) (Note: an area of the Piacenza liver)
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dine, to
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ceno-are
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CEN (I dine)
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dine, to
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ceno-are
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CENI (you dined)
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dine, to
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ceno-are
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CENO (CENV) (to dine)
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copper coating, to coat with copper
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It. ramare
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RAMA (he/she coats with copper)
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copper coating, to coat with copper
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It. ramare
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RAMO (RAMV) (I coat with copper)
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copper coating, to coat with copper
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It. ramare
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RAMOR (RAMVR) (to coat with copper)
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go before, to excel
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anto-ire
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ANTA
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go before, to excel
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anto-ire
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ANTER
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go before, to excel
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anto-ire
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ANTO (ANTV)
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go before, to excel
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anto-ire
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ANTOR (ANTVR)
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use, to employ
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L. utor, uti, usus; It. utilizzare; Fr. utiliser
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OTOR (VTVR) (to use)
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deny an oath, refuse oath
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L. eiuro and eiero-are
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EIS (I refuse the oath)
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deny an oath, refuse oath
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L. eiuro and eiero-are
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EISER (to refuse an oath)
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endure, to carry, bear
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L. tolero-are; It. tollerare; Fr. tolerer
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TOL (TVL) (I endure)
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endure, to carry, bear
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L. tolero-are; It. tollerare; Fr. tolerer
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TOLERA (TVLERA) (he, she will endure)
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endure, to carry, bear
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L. tolero-are; It. tollerare; Fr. tolerer
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TOLeRAN (TVLeRAN) (they endure)
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endure, to carry, bear
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L. tolero-are; It. tollerare; Fr. tolerer
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TOLO (TVLV) (to endure)
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go, to to have movement
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L. ito-are; itus-us, movement
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ITIS (you go)
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go, to to have movement
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L. ito-are; itus-us, movement
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ITO (ITV)
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go, to to have movement
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L. ito-are; itus-us, movement
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ITON (ITVN) (they go)
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go away, depart (See APA, priest, P-1)
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L. abeo-ire
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APA (he/she goes away)
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go away, depart
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L. abeo-ire
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APE (you go away) (see water)
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go away, depart
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L. abeo-ire
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APEN (they go away)
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go away, depart
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L. abeo-ire
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API (You departed)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SAT (I satisfy) (See Sater)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SATA (he, she satisfies)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SATAN (they satisfy)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SATANE (satisfied?)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SATE (you satisfy)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SATI (you satisfied)
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satisy, to fill
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L. sator-oris
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SATO (SATV) (to satisfy)
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eat, to
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L. pappo-are
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PAPEN (they eat)
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leisure, to be at leisure, rest
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L. otior-ari, licet, licere, licuit; Fr. loisir
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OTE (VTE) (you are at leisure)
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leisure, to be at leisure, rest
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L. otior-ari, licet, licere, licuit; Fr. loisir
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OTIN (VTIN) (they are at leisure)
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cook, to cook, meditate
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L. coquo, coquere
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COC (CVC) (I cook) (See KOCE)
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cook, to cook, meditate
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L. coquo, coquere
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KOCE (KVCE) (you cook)
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cook, to cook, meditate
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L. coquo, coquere
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KOCER (KVCER) (to cook)
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cook, to cook, meditate
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L. coquo, coquere
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KOCOR (KVCVR) (a cook)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SER (I join)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SeRAN (Se RAN?)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SEReN (they join)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SEREU (SERE8)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SERI (you joined)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SERO (SERV) (to join)
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join, to connect together
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L. sero-serere, serui
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SERAMO (SERAMV) (joined?)
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darken, to defile
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L. temero-are; It. timore, fear; Fr. timore, fear
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TAME (you defile, darken)
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darken, to defile
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L. temero-are; It. timore, fear; Fr. timore, fear
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TAMIR (to defile, darken)
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come, to arrive
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L. venio, venire; It. venire; Fr. venir
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VeNES (8ENES) (you come)
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come, to arrive
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L. venio, venire; It. venire; Fr. venir
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VENO (8ENV) (I come)
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come, to arrive
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L. venio, venire; It. venire; Fr. venir
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VeNO (8eNV) (I come)
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come, to arrive
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L. venio, venire; It. venire; Fr. venir
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VENOS (8ENVS) (we come; see Venus)
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come, to arrive
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L. venio, venire; It. venire; Fr. venir
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VeNER (8eNER) (to come)
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grind, to stir
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L. molior-iri
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MOLA (MVLA) (he/she grinds
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grind, to stir
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L. molior-iri
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MOLE (MVLE) (you grind)
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grind, to stir
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L. molior-iri
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MOLeS (MVLeS) (you grind)
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escape by swimming
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L. eno-are
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ENA (he/she escapes)
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escape by swimming
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L. eno-are
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ENAS (you escape)
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escape by swimming
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L. eno-are
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ENE (you escape)
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escape by swimming
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L. eno-are
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ENO (ENV) (I / to escape)
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rise, to get up
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L. orior, oriri, ortus
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ORTES (VRTES) (you rise)
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fasten, compose
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L. pango, pangere
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PANE (you compose)
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fasten, compose
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L. pango, pangere
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PANES (you compose)
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pollute, to commit a crime
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L. scelero-are, scelus-eris; Fr. scélérat
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SCELES (you pollute) (See SKeLES)
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pollute, to commit a crime
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L. scelero-are, scelus-eris; Fr. scélérat
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SCeLOM (SCeLVM) (polluted)
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err, to wander
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L. error-are
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ER (I err)
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err, to wander
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L. error-are
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ERR
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err, to wander
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L. error-are
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ERE (you err)
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err, to wander
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L. error-are
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ERES (you err)
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err, to wander
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L. error-are
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ERO (ERV) (to err)
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design, to draw
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L. designo-are; It. disegnare; Fr. desiner
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TESeN (I design)
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design, to draw
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L. designo-are; It. disegnare; Fr. desiner
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TESENA (he, she designs)
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deserve, to merit
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L. mereo-ere
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MER (I merit)
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deserve, to merit
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L. mereo-ere
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MERI (you merited)
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deserve, to merit, merited
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L. mereo-ere, meritus-a-um
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MERITO (MERITV) (merited)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SAR (I hoe)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SaRAN (Sa RAN?)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SARI (you hoed)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SARIS (you hoe)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SARO (SARV) (to hoe)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SARROM (SARRVM) (hoed)
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hoe, to weed, cultivate
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L. sario-ire
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SARROMvS (let us hoe? We hoe)
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reserve, to save, keep
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L. reservo-are; It. riservare; Fr.réserver
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RESERI (you reserved, saved)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TEN (I hold)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENA (he, she holds)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENE (you hold)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENIN (they hold)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENO (TENV) (to hold?)
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hold, to have, possess, keep
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L. teneo, tenere; It. tenere; Fr. tenir
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TENeR (to hold)
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regent, to rule
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It. reggere, to rule; Fr. régner, to reign
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REN ( I rule)
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regent, to rule
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It. reggere, to rule; Fr. régner, to reign
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RENA (he/she rules)
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regent, to rule
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It. reggere, to rule; Fr. régner, to reign
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RENE (you rule)
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regent, to rule
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It. reggere, to rule; Fr. régner, to reign
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RENeR (to rule, ruler?)
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regent, to rule
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It. reggere, to rule; Fr. régner, to reign
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ReNI (you ruled, rulers)
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regent, to rule
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It. reggere, to rule; Fr. régner, to reign
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RENO (RENV) (to rule)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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CAR (dear, cherished) (alt. heart) (See KARE, Karen)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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CARE (cherished, area of Piacenza liver)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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CARO (CARV) (dear, cherished)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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KARE (you care for)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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KAREN (they care for)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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KARO (KARV) (to care for)
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care for, to cherish
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L. curo-are; carus-a-um
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KARETO (KARETV) (dear)
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hide, to
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L. celo-are
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CELA (you hide)
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hide, to
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L. celo-are
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CELeRIM (of the hidden)
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hide, to
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L. celo-are
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CELI (you hid)
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|
hide, to
|
L. celo-are
|
CELO (CELV) (to hide)
|
|
hide, to
|
L. celo-are
|
CELTO (CELTV) (see Celts) (hidden)
|
|
disclose, to open, reveal
|
L. resero-are
|
RESA (he/she discloses) (see reserve)
|
|
disclose, to open, reveal
|
L. resero-are
|
RESAN (they disclose)
|
|
disclose, to open, reveal
|
L. resero-are
|
RESANE
|
|
disclose, to open, reveal
|
L. resero-are
|
RESE (you disclose)
|
|
disclose, to open, reveal
|
L. resero-are
|
RESI (you disclosed)
|
|
lead, to conduct, guide
|
It. menare; Fr. mener
|
MENA (he/she leads)
|
|
lead, to conduct, guide
|
It. menare; Fr. mener
|
MENAN (they lead)
|
|
lead, to conduct, guide
|
It. menare; Fr. mener
|
MENAS (you lead)
|
|
lead, to conduct, guide
|
It. menare; Fr. mener
|
MENE (you lead)
|
|
lead, to conduct, guide
|
It. menare; Fr. mener
|
MENES (you lead, subj.?)
|
|
lead, to conduct, guide
|
It. menare; Fr. mener
|
MENIAR (to lead)
|
|
water, to irrigate, bedew
|
L. rigo-are; It. irrigare; Fr. arroser
|
RICU (RICF) (See RIC, RICA, rich)
|
|
water, to irrigate, bedew
|
L. rigo-are; It. irrigare; Fr. arroser
|
RIGES (RIbES) (you water) (see rich)
|
|
water, to irrigate, bedew
|
L. rigo-are; It. irrigare; Fr. arroser
|
RIGO (RIbV) (I water, to water)
|
|
lead, to
|
L. rigo-are; It. rigare
|
RIK (I lead) (see rich)
|
|
lead, to
|
L. rigo-are; It. rigare
|
RIKE (you lead)
|
|
lead, to
|
L. rigo-are; It. rigare
|
RIKES (you lead)
|
|
VERB, A, AS, AU, E, ES,
I, IE, IO, OU, OP suffix |
||
|
Citlo, gens? Verb?
|
x
|
CITLAV (CITLA8)
|
|
Citlo, gens? Verb?
|
x
|
CITLO (CITLV)
|
|
Citlo, gens? Verb?
|
x
|
CITLOP (CITLVP) (verb?)
|
|
Citlo, gens? Verb?
|
x
|
CITLOV (CITLV8)
|
|
cherish, fondle, pet
|
L. foveo, fovere; Fr. choyer
|
KUA (KFA) (he/she cherishes)
|
|
cherish, fondle, pet
|
L. foveo, fovere; Fr. choyer
|
KUE (KFE) (you cherish)
|
|
cherish, fondle, pet
|
L. foveo, fovere; Fr. choyer
|
KUE (KFE) (you cherish)
|
|
carry away or down
|
L. deveho-vehere
|
TEVRA (TE8RA) (he, she carries away)
|
|
carry away or down
|
L. deveho-vehere
|
TEVRE (TE8RE) (you carry away)
|
|
carry away or down
|
L. deveho-vehere
|
TEVRI (TE8RI) (you carried away)
|
|
bring out, produce, give birth
|
L. edo-edere-didi-ditum
|
ETA (he/she produces)
|
|
bring out, produce, give birth
|
L. edo-edere-didi-ditum
|
ETES (you produce)
|
|
bring out, produce, give birth
|
L. edo-edere-didi-ditum
|
ETO (ETV) (I produce)
|
|
bend, to ; to lead, leader
|
L. arcuo-are; Gr. archo, to command, rule; archon, leader
|
ARCAS (you bend, lead)
|
|
bend, to ; to lead, leader
|
L. arcuo-are; Gr. archo, to command, rule; archon, leader
|
ARCE (you bend, lead)
|
|
bend, to ; to lead, leader
|
L. arcuo-are; Gr. archo, to command, rule; archon, leader
|
ARCES (you bend, lead)
|
|
bend, to ; to lead, leader
|
L. arcuo-are; Gr. archo, to command, rule; archon, leader
|
ARCIS (rulers) (See LAR, LARIS)
|
|
bend, to ; to lead, leader
|
L. arcuo-are; Gr. archo, to command, rule; archon, leader
|
ARCIO
|
|
bend, to ; to lead, leader
|
L. arcuo-are; Gr. archo, to command, rule; archon, leader
|
ARCAMEN (led)
|
|
look at, to visit, see
|
L. visio, visere, visi, visum; It. visione, vision; Fr. viser, to sight
|
VIS (8IS) (I look)
|
|
look at, to visit, see
|
L. visio, visere, visi, visum; It. visione, vision; Fr. viser, to sight
|
VISE (8ISE) (you look into)
|
|
look at, to visit, see
|
L. visio, visere, visi, visum; It. visione, vision; Fr. viser, to sight
|
VISIO (8ISIV) (seeing, appearance)
|
|
fill again, to satisfy
|
L. repleo-plere
|
REPLIO (REPLIV) (filled)
|
|
sacrifice, to offer
|
L. sacro-are; It. sacrificare; Fr. sacrifier
|
SAKRA (he, she sacrifices)
|
|
sacrifice, to offer
|
L. sacro-are; It. sacrificare; Fr. sacrifier
|
SAKRE (you sacrifice)
|
|
sacrifice, to offer
|
L. sacro-are; It. sacrificare; Fr. sacrifier
|
SAKREO (SAKREV) (sacred? sacrificed)
|
|
sacrifice, to offer
|
L. sacro-are; It. sacrificare; Fr. sacrifier
|
SAKREU (SAKRE8) (Note suffix "eu" like Welsh)
|
|
rub, to
|
L. frio-ere; It. frizionare; Fr. frotter
|
VR (8R) (I rub)
|
|
rub, to
|
L. frio-ere; It. frizionare; Fr. frotter
|
VRA (8RA) (he, she rubs)
|
|
rub, to
|
L. frio-ere; It. frizionare; Fr. frotter
|
VRE (8RE) (you rub)
|
|
sail back
|
L. reveho-vehere
|
REVIO (REVIV) (to sail back) (see dream)
|
|
call, to summon
|
L. accio-aire
|
ACA
|
|
call, to summon
|
L. accio-aire
|
ACI
|
|
call, to summon
|
L. accio-aire
|
ACIS
|
|
deny, to refuse
|
L. abnuo-nuere-nui
|
APNE (you deny)
|
|
deny, to refuse
|
L. abnuo-nuere-nui
|
APNI (I / you denied)
|
|
deny, to refuse
|
L. abnuo-nuere-nui
|
APNIS (you deny?)
|
|
burn, incinerate
|
L. incendo-cendere; It. incindiare; Welsh, cynnau
|
CINA (he/she burns) (See los)
|
|
burn, incinerate
|
L. incendo-cendere; It. incindiare; Welsh, cynnau
|
CINE (you burn) (See los)
|
|
burn, incinerate
|
L. incendo-cendere; It. incindiare; Welsh, cynnau
|
CINAS (you burn) (See los)
|
|
burn, incinerate
|
L. incendo-cendere; It. incindiare; Welsh, cynnau
|
CINI (you burnt) (See los)
|
|
burn, incinerate
|
L. incendo-cendere; It. incindiare; Welsh, cynnau
|
CINO (CINV) (I burn) (See los)
|
|
burn, incinerate
|
L. incendo-cendere; It. incindiare; Welsh, cynnau
|
CINOS (CINVS) (we burn) (See los)
|
|
veto, to forbid
|
L. veto [voto] votare, vetitum; It. veto, Fr. veto, veto
|
VETA (8ETA) (you forbid)
|
|
veto, to forbid
|
L. veto [voto] votare, vetitum; It. veto, Fr. veto, veto
|
VETES (8ETES) (you forbid)
|
|
veto, to forbid
|
L. veto [voto] votare, vetitum; It. veto, Fr. veto, veto
|
VETO (8ETV) (I, to forbid)
|
|
create, to beget
|
L. creo-are
|
CRA (he/she creates)
|
|
create, to beget
|
L. creo-are
|
CRE (you create) (See KRA)
|
|
create, to beget
|
L. creo-are
|
CRI (you created)
|
|
create, to beget
|
L. creo-are
|
KRA (he/she creates) (See CRA)
|
|
create, to beget
|
L. creo-are
|
KRE (you create) (See KRA)
|
|
create, to beget
|
L. creo-are
|
KRI (you created)
|
|
cite, to summon, quote
|
L. cito-are
|
CITA (he/she cites)
|
|
cite, to summon, quote
|
L. cito-are
|
CITI (you cited)? Need locater
|
|
cite, to summon, quote
|
L. cito-are
|
CITHO (CITHV) I (to cite)
|
|
cite, to summon, quote
|
L. cito-are
|
CITO (CITV) (to cite)
|
|
cause, to give reason
|
L. causor-ari
|
COSO (CVSV) ( I give reason)
|
|
cause, to give reason
|
L. causor-ari
|
COSOR (CVSVR) (to give reason)
|
|
cause, to give reason
|
L. causor-ari
|
COSOS (CVSVS) (causes, reasons)
|
|
cause, to pretend
|
L. causor-ari
|
CASE (you cause, a cause?)(See KASE)
|
|
cause, to pretend
|
L. causor-ari
|
KASE (you cause, a cause?) (See CASE)
|
|
cause, to pretend
|
L. causor-ari
|
CASI (you caused, causes?)
|
|
boundary, to speak
|
L. ora-ae; It. orio; Fr. orée; Gr. orio
|
OR (VR) (see speak)
|
|
boundary, to speak
|
L. ora-ae; It. orio; Fr. orée; Gr. orio
|
ORAS (VRAS) (See ORA)
|
|
bewail, lament
|
L. queror, queri
|
CERE (you bewail)
|
|
bewail, lament
|
L. queror, queri
|
CEREN (they bewail)
|
|
bewail, lament
|
L. queror, queri
|
CERES (you bewail)
|
|
bewail, lament
|
L. queror, queri
|
CERI (you bewailed)
|
|---|---|---|
|
put, to place
|
L. pono, ponere
|
PONE (PVNE) (you put, place)
|
|
put, to place
|
L. pono, ponere
|
PONES (PVNES) (you put, place)
|
|
put, to place
|
L. pono, ponere
|
PONI (PVNI) (you placed)
|
|
ill-omened, unholy, unfortunate
|
L. nefas; It. nefasto; Fr. néfast
|
NAPH (I am unfortunate)
|
|
ill-omened, unholy, unfortunate
|
L. nefas; It. nefasto; Fr. néfast
|
NAPHAR (to be unholy)
|
|
body, carnal, flesh
|
L. caro, carnis
|
CARNA (See KARNE, KARNOS)
|
|
body, carnal, flesh
|
L. caro, carnis
|
CARNAL
|
|
body, carnal, flesh
|
L. caro, carnis
|
CARNIS (bodies)
|
|
body, carnal, flesh
|
L. caro, carnis
|
KARNE (you are carnal?)
|
|
body, carnal, flesh
|
L. caro, carnis
|
KARNOS (KARNVS) (we are--?)
|
|
VERB, I, IA, IAS suffix
|
||
|
become, to be made
|
L. fio, fieri, factus sum
|
FI (see make, do)
|
|
become, to be made
|
L. fio, fieri, factus sum
|
FIA
|
|
born, to be
|
L. nascor-I
|
NAS
|
|
Nasia, name, Nasia, Greece? Born?
|
L. nascor-I
|
NASIA
|
|
born, to be
|
L. nascor-I
|
NATINE
|
|
come, to arrive
|
L. venio, venita, veni, ventum; It. venire
|
FENI (you came)
|
|
come, to arrive
|
L. venio, venita, veni, ventum; It. venire
|
FENIAS (he/she came)
|
|
mass, to mass
|
L. massa-ae; It. massa; Fr. masse, masser
|
MaSaN (they mass)
|
|
mass, to mass
|
L. massa-ae; It. massa; Fr. masse, masser
|
MASAN (they mass, heap)
|
|
mass, to mass
|
L. massa-ae; It. massa; Fr. masse, masser
|
MASNIA Le [possible noun, Masnia there (le)]
|
|
mass, to mass
|
L. massa-ae; It. massa; Fr. masse, masser
|
MASO (MASV) (I / to mass, heap)
|
|
burn, to scorch
|
L. uro, urere, ussi, ustum; It. ustionare; Sanskrit, us, osati
|
OSE (VSE) (you burn)
|
|
burn, to scorch
|
L. uro, urere, ussi, ustum; It. ustionare; Sanskrit, us, osati
|
OSI (VSI) (you burnt)
|
|
burn, to scorch
|
L. uro, urere, ussi, ustum; It. ustionare; Sanskrit, us, osati
|
OSIA (VSIA) (possible noun–see Osia)
|
|
leave, to let alone
|
L. sino, sinere
|
SIN (I leave alone) (see if however)
|
|
leave, to let alone
|
L. sino, sinere
|
SINA (he, she leaves alone)
|
|
leave, to let alone
|
L. sino, sinere
|
SINE (you leave alone)
|
|
leave, to let alone
|
L. sino, sinere
|
SINIA
|
|
devour, to eat greedily
|
L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
|
VO (8V) ( I devour)
|
|
devour, to eat greedily
|
L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
|
VOI (8VI) (you devoured)
|
|
devour, to eat greedily
|
L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
|
VORE (8VRE) (you devour)
|
|
devour, to eat greedily
|
L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
|
VOIA (8VIA) (see Boii)
|
|
devour, to eat greedily
|
L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
|
VOROS (8VRVS) (we devour)
|
|
VERB, _, A, E suffix
|
||
|
adopt, to
|
L. ascio-scire
|
ASA (he/she adopts)
|
|
adopt, to
|
L. ascio-scire
|
ASE (you adopt)
|
|
criticise, to pluck, taunt
|
L. vellico-are
|
VELIC (8ELIC)
|
|
please, to be agreeable
|
L. placeo-ere
|
PLAK (I am pleased)
|
|
return, to carry back, go back
|
L. refero, referre; It. riferire; Fr. réferer
|
REPH
|
|
jump, to leap
|
L. salto-are; It. saltare; Fr. sauter
|
SALT
|
|
avail, to have influence, pose
|
L. possum, posse, potui
|
POS (PVS) I pose
|
|
avail, to have influence, pose
|
L. possum, posse, potui
|
POSE (PVSE) (you pose)
|
|
owe
|
L. debeo-ere; It. devere; Fr. devoir
|
TEB (TE8) (I owe)
|
|
owe
|
L. debeo-ere; It. devere; Fr. devoir
|
TEBE (TE8E) (you owe)
|
|
cover, to bury (or decorate, adorn?)
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect (L. decoro-are; It. decorare; Fr. décorer)
|
TEC (I cover, bury)
|
|
cover, to bury (or decorate, adorn?)
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect (L. decoro-are; It. decorare; Fr. décorer)
|
TeC
|
|
cover, to bury (or decorate, adorn?)
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect (L. decoro-are; It. decorare; Fr. décorer)
|
THeK
|
|
cover, to bury (or decorate, adorn?)
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect (L. decoro-are; It. decorare; Fr. décorer)
|
TECE (you cover, bury)
|
|
cover, to bury (or decorate, adorn?)
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect (L. decoro-are; It. decorare; Fr. décorer)
|
TECUM (TECVM) (buried) (see adorn, or ten)
|
|
ask, to call upon, demand, pose
|
L. posco, poscere
|
POSC (PVSC) (I demand)
|
|
silent, to be quiet
|
L. taceo-ere; It. tacere; Fr. tacite, tacit
|
TAS
|
|
drink, to
|
L. poto-potare
|
POT (PVT) (I drink)
|
|
drink, to
|
L. poto-potare
|
POTE (PVTE) (you drink)
|
|
drink, to
|
L. poto-potare
|
POTeS (PVTeS) (drinks? You drink?)
|
|
purify, to cleanse, purge
|
L. purgo-are; purus-a-um, clean, pure
|
POR (PVR) (I purify)
|
|
purify, to cleanse, purge
|
L. purgo-are; purus-a-um, clean, pure
|
PORA (PVRA) (he/she purifies)
|
|
purify, to cleanse, purge
|
L. purgo-are; purus-a-um, clean, pure
|
PORE (you purify)
|
|
purify, to cleanse, purge
|
L. purgo-are; purus-a-um, clean, pure
|
PORI (PVRI) (you purified)
|
|
purify, to cleanse, purge
|
L. purgo-are; purus-a-um, clean, pure
|
PORIEMOS (PVRIEMVS) (we shall--)
|
|
deceive, to lead astray
|
L. fallo, fallere
|
FAL (I deceive)
|
|
deceive, to lead astray
|
L. fallo, fallere
|
FALE (you deceive)
|
|
eat, to ingest
|
L. vescor-i; ingere-gerere-gessi-gestum) Sanskrit, ghas, ghasti, to devour
|
VES (8ES) (I eat)
|
|
eat, to ingest
|
L. vescor-i; ingere-gerere-gessi-gestum) Sanskrit, ghas, ghasti, to devour
|
VESI (8ESI) (you ate)
|
|
speak, to talk
|
L. oro-are; Palaic, wer
|
OR (VR) (boundary, speak?)
|
|
speak, to talk
|
L. oro-are; Palaic, wer
|
ORA (VRA) (he, she speaks)
|
|
speak, to talk
|
L. oro-are; Palaic, wer
|
ORAS (VRAS)
|
|
speak, to talk
|
L. oro-are; Palaic, wer
|
ORIM (VRIM) (spoken)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RON (RVN) ( I guard)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONA (RVNA) (he guards)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONE (RVNE) (you guard)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONEM (RVNEM) (guarded)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONI (RVNI) (you guarded)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONO (RVNV) (to guard)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONS (RVNS) (you guard)
|
|
guard, to round
|
L. runa-ae, a dart; It. ronda, rounds, watch; Fr. rond
|
RONTO (RVNTV) (guarded)
|
|
cover, to bury
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect
|
TEC (I cover, bury)
|
|
cover, to bury
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect
|
TECE (you cover, bury)
|
|
cover, to bury
|
L. tego, tegere; Scott, teagair, collect
|
TECUM (TECVM) (buried) (See BRATRVM)
|
|
desire, to
|
L. aveo-are
|
AV (A8) (I desire)
|
|
desire, to
|
L. aveo-are
|
AVIM (A8IM)
|
|
cut, to part by cutting
|
L. seco, secare; It. seccare; Fr. sécher
|
SEC (I cut) (See SEK)
|
|
cut, to part by cutting
|
L. seco, secare; It. seccare; Fr. sécher
|
SEK (See SEC) (MS is about grape harvest)
|
|
cut, to part by cutting
|
L. seco, secare; It. seccare; Fr. sécher
|
SECA (he, she cuts)
|
|
cut, to part by cutting
|
L. seco, secare; It. seccare; Fr. sécher
|
SECOM (SECVM) (a cutting) (See BRATRVM)
|
|
move, mutate, change
|
L. muto-are
|
MUTIN (MVTIN) (they change)
|
|
move, mutate, change
|
L. muto-are
|
MUTINUM (MVTINVM) (changed)
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devour, to eat greedily
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L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
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VO (8V) ( I devour)
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devour, to eat greedily
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L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
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VOI (8VI) (you devoured)
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devour, to eat greedily
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L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
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VOIA (8VIA) (see Boii) Note IA suffix, gen. noun
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devour, to eat greedily
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L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
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VORE (8VRE) (you devour)
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devour, to eat greedily
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L. voro-are; It. divorare, Fr. dévorer; Welsh, difa
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VOROS (8VRVS) (we devour)
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dream, to muse
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L. sominio-are; reveror, to revere; It. sognare; Fr. rever
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REV (RE8) (I dream) (area of Piacenza liver)
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dream, to muse
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L. sominio-are; reveror, to revere; It. sognare; Fr. rever
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REVA (RE8A) (he, she dreams)
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dream, to muse
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L. sominio-are; reveror, to revere; It. sognare; Fr. rever
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REVI (REVI) (word may be REVIVSE)
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dream, to muse
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L. sominio-are; reveror, to revere; It. sognare; Fr. rever
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REVO (RE8V) (to dream)
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drink, to
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L. poto-potare
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POT (PVT) (I drink)
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drink, to
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L. poto-potare
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POTE (PVTE) (you drink)
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drink, to
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L. poto-potare
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POTeS (PVTeS) (drinks? You drink?)
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request, to require
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L. requiro-quirere; It. requisire; Fr. requirer
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REC (I request) (See retain)
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request, to require
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L. requiro-quirere; It. requisire; Fr. requirer
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RECES (you request) (See retain)
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drip, to drop dew, moisten, moist
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L. roro-are
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ROR (RVR) (to bedew)
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drip, to drop dew, moisten, moist
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L. roro-are
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RORAS (RVRAS) (you bedew)
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assemble, collect together
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L. coeo, ire
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CU (CF)
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assemble, collect together
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L. coeo, ire
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CUA (CFA) (he/she assembles) (See KUA)
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assemble, collect together
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L. coeo, ire
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CUE (CFE) (you assemble)
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avail, to have influence, pose
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L. possum, posse, potui
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POS (PVS) I pose
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avail, to have influence, pose
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L. possum, posse, potui
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POSE (PVSE) (you pose)
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bear, to carry
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L. fero, ferre
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FERE (you bear)
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grind, to stir
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L. molior-iri
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MOLA (MVLA) (he/she grinds
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grind, to stir
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L. molior-iri
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MOLE (MVLE) (you grind)
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grind, to stir
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L. molior-iri
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MOLeS (MVLeS) (you grind)
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bear, to carry
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L. fero, ferre
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FERE (you bear)
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bear, to carry
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L. fero, ferre
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FERSOM (FERSVM) (carried)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PREC (I beg) (See PREK)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PREK (I beg)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PRECE (you beg)
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beg, to ask
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L. precor-ari
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PRECER (to beg)
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draw out, to empty
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L. haurio, haurire
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HARaR (to draw out)
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draw out, to empty
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L. haurio, haurire
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HARE (you draw out)
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draw out, to empty
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L. haurio, haurire
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HAUS (HAVS) (I draw out)
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VERB, O, IS
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ask, to demand
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L. proco-are
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PROCO (I demand)
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ask, to demand
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L. proco-are; procer-eris, a chief, noble
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PROKIS (PRVKIS) (you demand? Proceris?)
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odour, to emit an odour, to oil
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L. oleo-ere; It. oliare, Fr. huiler, to oil
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OLA (it smells, he, she oils)
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odour, to emit an odour, to oil
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L. oleo-ere; It. oliare, Fr. huiler, to oil
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OLES (VLES) (you smell, you oil)
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odour, to emit an odour, to oil
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L. oleo-ere; It. oliare, Fr. huiler, to oil
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OLO (VLV) (I smell, to smell, I oil, to oil)
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rule, to support
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L. rego, regere; It. reggere; Fr. regler; Sanscrit, raj
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REGL (REbL) (I rule)
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rule, to support
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L. rego, regere; It. reggere; Fr. regler; Sanscrit, raj
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REGLE (REbLE) (you rule)
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rule, to support
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L. rego, regere; It. reggere; Fr. regler; Sanscrit, raj
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REGLO (REbLV) (to rule)
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rule, to support
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L. rego, regere; It. reggere; Fr. regler; Sanscrit, raj
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REK (I rule, support)
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project, to jut out
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L. minor-ari
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MINAS (you project)
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project, to jut out
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L. minor-ari
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MINIS
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spin, weave
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L. neo, nere
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NER (I spin)
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spin, weave
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L. neo, nere
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NERIS (you spin)
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spin, weave
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L. neo, nere
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NERONS (NERVNS)
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swim
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L. nare, navi; It. nuotare; Fr. nager
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NO (NV) (I swim)
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swim
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L. nare, navi; It. nuotare; Fr. nager
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NOA (he/she swims)
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badly
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L. peior-us, peius
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PEIU (PEIV) (badly)
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badly
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L. peior-us, peius, pessime
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PEIS
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VERB, I, OS
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avoid, to shun
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L. evito-are
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EFITI (you avoided)
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avoid, to shun
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L. evito-are
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EFITOS (EFITVS) (we avoided)
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rub, to smooth
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L. tergeo-ere and tergo-ere, tersi, tersum
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TEROS (TERVS)
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rubbed, smooth, neat, clean, perfect
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L. tersus-a-um
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TERS
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VERB, to be
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be, to be
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L. erunt, they will be; Fr. Seront; It. saranno
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RONT (RVNT) (they will be)
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be, to be
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L. sum, esse, fui, futurus It. sono; Fr. suit
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SOM (SVM) (I am)
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be, to be
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L. sum, esse, fui, futurus
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ES (you are)
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be, to be
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L. sum, esse, fui, futurus
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EST (he/she/it is)
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be, to be
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L. sum, esse, fui, futurus); place name, Este?
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ESTE (he/she/it is, place name?)
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be, to be
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L. sum, esse, sunt; Fr. sont
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ISONT (ISVNT) (they are)
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be, to be
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L. erunt, they will be; Fr. Seront; It. saranno
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RONT (RVNT) (they will be)
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be, to be
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L. sum, present, sim, subj.; It. sia; Fr. sois
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SIM (I am)
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be, to be
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L. sumus; It. siamo; Fr. sommes
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SOM (SVM) (I am)
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be, to be
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L. sumus; It. siamo; Fr. sommes
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SOME (SVME) (we are)
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be, to be
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L. sunt; It. sono; Fr. sont
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SONT (SVNT) (they are)
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be, to be
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L. sunt; It. sono; Fr. sont
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SUNT (SVNT) (they are) (See SONT)
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PREPOSITIONS, Conjunctions
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for, by
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L. per; It. per; Fr. par
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PER
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thus, so, in this way, like this
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L. sic
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SIC
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if
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L. sive and seu; It. se; Fr. si
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SEU (SEV)
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supposing that
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L. si; It. se, Fr. si
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SI
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whether
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L. sive, seu; It. sia; Welsh, ai, os; Fr. si que, soit que
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SIA
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if however, but if
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L. sin; It. sino, as far as; Fr. sinon, otherwise
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SIN (see leave alone)
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Notes:
(1)
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Launched 7.24.06
Updated: 7.26.06; 7.27.06; 7.28.06; 7.29.06; 7.31.06; 8.01.06; 8.02.06; 1.28.07; 2.07.07; 5.23.09
Copyright © 1981-2009 Maravot. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1981-2009 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.