7/11/06 Lydian Glossary, from Maravot's Lydian Language.html
Copyright © 2006 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.

Lydian translation – Glossary
by Mel Copeland
(Relationships to the Etruscan Phrases–
Glossary, a work first published in 1981)

This glossary of Lydian words includes relationships to Etruscan words in the Etruscan Glossary. The characters in the alphabet shown on this page produce this glossary. Differences with translators who claim that Lydian is Luwian, related to Hittite, include their characterizations of the letter we show as an "E" which they translated as a "D." Like Etruscan the "D" seems to be rare, and where the "D" is conventionally used the "T" is represented. Another character that seems to require greater examination is the "P" which has been transcribed as an "L" most of the time. The transcriptions available to me at this time simply don't differentiate a "P" versus an "L," and those transcriptions may be incorrect. The "C" is not used. The "K" is represented, as in Etruscan, by two characters as shown, the "T" also is represented by two characters as shown (sometimes the Etruscan rendering, as in the Tavola Cortonensis, is like a "Y." The "M" and "N" are rendered similarly to the Etruscan. Etruscan does not use an "O," omega and the character "V" serves as that vowel and sometimes as a "u." The two characters of Lydian that are the vowel "i" appear in Etruscan. The is rare in Etruscan and has been read as "ae." The is an "S" in Etruscan but definitely serves as a vowel, "A," in the Lydian scripts. The "R" is represented by three characters in Etruscan and only the "P" in Lydian. Letters peculiar to Etruscan – not yet seen in Lydian – include the "Q" and "ph." The "Q" is generally represented by a "C" in Etruscan and the Ø "ph" and "th" also appear to be missing from Lydian. In Etruscan the "ph" is generally used in words that coincide with Greek words/spellings, such as Phare, light, lighthouse. The character "B" is rare in Etruscan and transcriptions of the character in Lydian as a "B" as opposed to a "V" require further scrutiny. In any event this is the result of applying reading techniques for Etruscan to Lydian, resulting in a language, like Etruscan, that is close to Latin. The close proximity of Lydian to Latin may be sufficient to cast doubts on any correlations to Hittite / Luwian.

The Lydian alphabet shown here is rough, to say the least and will be updated when more scripts and good photo copies of the scripts can be reviewed. Characters used in the Etruscan scripts may be reviewed at the Lemnos_Script.html.

English

 Lydian Location

Etruscan (See Table 1 for locations)

to, at (L. a)

A

A54, D-3, D24, D34, F52, G19, G37, G38, G88

A

eternity, lifetime, time (L. aevus-i)

AEFIS

G23, G46

AFIS

Aek, name?

AEK

F50, H24

AEKIS?

Aesaris, name?

AESARIS

F3

x

ore, copper? (L. aes-aeris)

AESU

C35

AIS

hail, farewell! (L. aveo)

AF (see AV)

F35

AV (A8) (I desire?)

and, and also, and indeed (L. atque, ac)

AK

A10, C33, D14, D27, F77, F95

a

Achaemenid dynasty? 576 B.C.- 330 B.C.

AKAE (See SIRuS)

A20, G103

ACIE (Achaea, Greece)

Agememnon?

AKEMNA

C17

ACHMEMNON (ACHMEMNVN)

move, will drive (L ago, agere, agent)

AKIN

H26

x

move, drive (L ago, agere, agant)

AKAN

G30

x

corps, army (L. agema-atis)

AKMU

F91

x

corps, army (L. agema-atis)

AKMUAI

G133

x

corps, army (L. agema-atis)

AKMuS

G42, G94

x

corps, army (L. agema-atis)

AKMuSAE

G73

x

corps, army (L. agema-atis)
AKMUT
H-7, H34

x

drive, to set in motion (L. ago, agere)
AKTIN
A42

x

drive, to set in motion (L. ago..)
AKTU (see AK and TU)
D14

x

engaged upon, to be (L. ago, agere)
AKU
B-3

AGE (AbE)?

another, other, different (L. alius-a-ud)
ALAE
F87

x

winged (L. ales-altis)
ALIS
D-6, F63

x

nourish, to support (L. alo, alere)

ALU
F88, H5, H32

x

nourish, to support (L. alo, alere)

ALUM
F55

x

friend, friends (L. amicus, amica)
AMIE
G130

AMIE (See Love, AMA)

friend, friends (L. amicus, amica)
AMIES
G13

AMIE (See Love, AMA)

whether, or (L. an)
AN
H14

AN

year? (L. annus-I; Fr. an; It. anno) L. ansa?
ANS
H40

ANE, ANI

Arau, name, to be thirsty, dry (L. areo-ere)
ARAU
A55

x

arms (L. arma-orum)
ARM
G85

x

ploughed (L. arvus-a-um)
ARVU (ARFU)
F12

AR, ARAI, ARAS

method, art, skill (L. ars-tis)

ARS
F22, F115

ARS

Artimes, goddess of hunt (L. Diana)
ARTIMU
G76, G99, G106, H41

MEAN

Artimes, goddess of hunt (L. Diana)
ARTIMUS
A50, D43

MEAN

Artimes, goddess of hunt (L. Diana)
ARTIMUU
J-4, F78

MEAN

whole, of 12 parts (L. as, assis)
AS
C27, F47, G108, G115

AS

Asinas, name?
ASINAS
H-2

x

Asia? (L. Asia-ae)
ASIS
F18

ASI, ASIA

you adopted (L. ascio-scire)
ASKI
D36

x

star, constellation (L. astrum-I)
ASTR
F7, F82, G16, G120

x

Hades? (L. Pluto [-on] -onis; Gr. Ades)
ATAS
F111

ATIA

dead, black, dark (L. ater, atra, atrum)
ATR
F29

ATRO (ATRV)

dead, black, dark (L. ater, atra, atrum)
ATRO
F66

ATRO (ATRV)

dead, black, dark (L. ater, atra, atrum)
ATROS
G63

ATRO (ATRV)

Oh! (L. au)?
AU
A31, A41, F32, F54, F109, G55, G56

x

Auie, name?
AUIE
E18, G19

x

Auie, name?
AUIEAE
G133

x

hail, farewell! (L. aveo) to long for, desire, L. aveo-ere)
AV (AF)
F35

AV (A8) I desire?

Bacchus? (L. Bacchus-i' bacchor-i, to rage, revel)
BAK (8AK)
H20, H37

IAN (see Janus)

Bacchus? (L. Bacchus-i)
BAKA (8AKA)
G126

VACE (VA8E) cow, vacca?

Bacchus? (L. Bacchus-i)
BAKI (8AKI)
A-4, J-2, E15, G82

VACI (8AKI) cow, vacca?

Argos, capital of ArgolisBacchus? (L. Bacchus-i)
BAKIS (8AKIS)
F84

x

Bacchus? (L. Bacchus-i)
BAKiS (8AKiS)
G-4, G27

x

staff, walking stick (L. baculum-i, or baculus-i)
BAUKOL
F34

x

Bartaras, name
BARTARAS
B-5

x

beat, to battle (L. battuo-ere)
BATINT
D48, H 43

x

Batos, name?
BATOS (8ATOS)
x

x

Bruas, name?
BRUAS
E-1

x

unknown word
COLV?
F30

x

and (L. et)
E
F42, F66, H39

E, from, out of

be, he, she, it is (L. eat, subj.)
EA
A25

x

Eas, name?
EAS
E-3, F79

x

name, Eisa?
EISA
F53

EIS, EISER

be, you are (L. sum, esse)
ES
C14

ES

from, out of (L. e, ex)
EKS
F26, F49

ECS, EKS

well done! (L. eu!)
EU
G-8

x

make, to do (It. Fare)
FA
F114

FAC, FAK, FAKI

make, to do (It. Fare)
FAE
F6

FAI

key? (re: Greek, kleos) or pillar (L. fala [phala] -ae)
FALIS
J-3

FAL, FALE (to deceive)

unknown word
FAN
F9

x

unknown word
FANS
F94

x

temple place (L. fanum)
FANAS
D-2

x

grain? (L. far, farris)
FAR
E7

FAR, FARSIT

grain?, to make, do (It. fare)
FARE
C-4

FAR, FARSIT

grain?, to make, do (It. fare)
FARU
F41

FAR, FARSIT

holiday, festive (L. festus-a-um)
FASTuS
G57

x

made, to be made, come into existence (L. fio, fieri)
FIE
G24, G47

FAI, FAK, FAKER?

assemble, collect together?
FIKS
F11, G-7

x

bind, to vanquish?
FINiK
A-9

x

unknown word, daughter (L. filia-ae; son filius (Fr. son, fils)
FIS
A33, 112

FILE?

unknown word
FOE
A19

x

Fratau, name? Brothers (L.frater-tris)
FRATAU
F21

BRATA (8RATA), BRATER (8RATER)

flee, to evade (Fr. Fuir, L. fugo)
FUE
F39

x

Ike, name?
IKE
G61

x

contrary, on the contrary (L. immo)
IMU
D29

ATES

in (L. in)
IN
D33, E19, F87, G54

IN

begin, to commence (L. ineo-ire)
INAS
G35

INO (INV), INNI

empty, to make void (L. inanio-ire) or sail (L. inno)
INANT
G136

INO (INV), INNI

from there (L. inde)
INT
D40

x

Ios, name?
IOS
F65

IUS (IVS) I swear, take an oath

ire, wrath (L. ira-ae)
IRE
G95

IRI (See also IR, IRE to go)

unknown word
IR_O
B-2

x

Iris, messenger of the gods? (L. Iris-ridis)
IRIS
G-5, G11

x

unknown word
IREUS
G95

x

he, she, it (L. is, ea, id)
IS
A-2, C16, F15, F92

IS

x
ISAS
A36

x

yours, that of yours (L. iste, ista, istud)
IST
A14, G39

ISTE

yours, that of yours (L. iste, ista, istud)?
ISTvS
G39

ISTE

yours, that of yours (L. iste, ista, istud)?
ISTUS
A39

ISTE

therefore, and so (L. itaque)
ITEK
G119

ITEK

go, to (L. ito-are)
ITE
G62

ITIS, ITO (ITV), ITON (ITVN)

go, to (L. ito-are)
ITV
G15, G62

ITIS, ITO (ITV), ITON (ITVN)

there, at that place? (L. ibi)
IV (ibi?)
A51, F98

IVE (I8E)

same place? (L. ibid, ibidem)
IVIE
A47

x

on one's guard, to be cautious (L. caveo, cavere)

KAF
G80

x

sing, to chant, prophesy? (L. canto-ere)
KANAU
D30

KaNEU (KaNE8)? sing, chant, prophesy

Canlu, Place, person?
KANLU
E5

x

chant, song (L. cantus-us)
KANT
F117

KaNETV, KaNEU, KaNI, KaNIS, KaNTOR (KaNTVR)

flesh (L. caro-carnis)
KARO
H18

KARO (KARV) to care for? See KARNE, flesh

because? (L. causa-ae)
KAS
F60. G25, G48, G59, G64, G78, G101

KASE, you cause

house (L. casa-ae)
KASA
D13, F13

CASA, CaSA

houses?
KASI
F36

CASA, CaSA ; see CASA, CASI, to cause

Catus? Cato? Name (L. Cato-onis)
KATU
G31

CATO (CATV), CATUS (CATVS); KATE, KATO (KATV), KATI, name, Cato, or verb, to be wise

Catus? Cato? Name (L. Cato-onis)
KATTU
F48

CATO (CATV), CATUS (CATVS); KATE, KATO (KATV), KATI, name, Cato, or verb, to be wise

castle (L. castrum; Etruscan, KASTRV)
KATR
F80, F104

CATRA four, crowd? KATRES, KATRO (KATRV)

wherewith, wherefrom, who, which, what (L. qui)
KI
G51, G110

KI, Ki

gens, clan?
KIN
G67

CLENSI? CLEN SI, name? gens

Kitrai, people, place?
KITRAI (possibly KI TRAI)
E17

x

castle (L. castrum)
KATRU
F62

KATRES, KATRO (KATRV)?

Kitus, name
KITUS
A26

x

anyone, anything? (L. quivis); food? (L. cibus-I)
KIVU (KIFU) (see TIFV)
C11

x

class? (L. classis-is)
KLS
F75

x

unknown word
KMS (KAS?)
F15

x

unknown word
KOF
C-3

COV (CO8), I breed?

collect, bring together (L. cogo, cogere)
KUK
H42

COC (CVC), COGI (CObI), COKAR (CVKAR), KOKIE, COKO (CVCV), KOCE (KVCE), KOCER (KVCER), KOCOR (KVCVR)

cultivate, inhabit (L. colo, colere)
KOLU (KOPU?)
F34

KOLEM, (KVLEM), KOLeN (KVLeN), KOLeRE (KVLeRE), to cultivate

abundant (L. copia-ae)?
KOP
C19

KOPE (KVPE), KOPI (KVPI), KOPIS (KVPIS), copius, abundant

abundant (L. copia-ae), name?
KOPAI
C30

KOPE (KVPE), KOPI (KVPI), KOPIS (KVPIS), copius, abundant

Cos, island?
KOS
F16, F121, G120, H23

COSO (CVSV), COSOR (CVSVR), COSOS (CVSVS), to give reason, cause

grindstone? hard stone (L. cos, cotis)
KOT
C-5, F46

KOTEP (KVTEP), KOTEV (KVTE8), name?

daily (L. quotidie, cotid-)
KOTIT
G50

x

cow? (IE*gwou, a bull)
KOU
F8, F93, G17, G125

KO (KV)?

assemble, to collect (L. coeo-ire)
KUE
A13, A38, D11

KUA (KFA), KUE (KFE), to cherish? CUA (CFA), CUE (CFE), to assemble?

with, as, like, in the way of (L. cum)
KUM
A23

COM (CVM)

x
LAK
A12

LaKA, he, she loosens?

wool (L. lana-ae)
LANAE
G33

LANE

servant, mercenary (L. latro-onis)
LATRO
F73

x

praise, to laud (L. laudo-are; laus, laudis)
LAU
E6, F81

LAVES (LAFES), LAVIN, LAVO (LAFO), to wash or to praise?

x
LAV (LA8)
F71

LAVES (LAFES), LAVIN, LAVO (LAFO), to wash or to praise?

lioness (L. lea-ae)
LIE
A22, D19, D25

LEI

law, legal proceeding (L. lis, litis)
LIS
D-9, H-4, H-6, H30, H33

LIS

offer, present acceptable offering (L. lito-are)

LIT
C25

x

Lolas, name?
LOLAS
H15

x

there
LU
A-3, G123, H19

LA, La, there; LO (LV), them, it?

there
Lu