Indo-European Table 1, Etruscan Vocabulary with Indo-European cognates
7/17/06 Etruscan Vocabulary, Etruscan Phrases– Etruscan etymological relationships to other Indo-European languages; Proto-Indo-European (PIE): Indo-European, Table 1, Section 1B Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan – based on the Etruscan_Phrases vocabulary
Copyright © 1981-2006 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved.

Etruscan_Phrases

 by Mel Copeland

(from a work published in 1981)

Table 1, Section 1B: Indo-European words as they relate to Etruscan. Notes: *Armenian W = West Armenian; E = East Armenian.

Sanskrit

Avestan & Armenian*

Slavic & Baltic

Greek & Albanian

Latin

other

English

Etruscan

x

ânjâ, darân jâ,
adj., adv. there
(Persian)

tam, w tym
miejscu (Polish)

ekei (Greek)
atje, aty, këtu, në
këtë vend, there,
adv. (Albanian)

ibi, illi, istic

acw, adv (Welsh)
la, adv., (Italian)
la, adv., (French)

there

la, Script Z470,
Z551, TC179,
TC290, TC318,
K58, M74, AH-1,
Q21, Q521, R381

x

isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them
[n] (Persian)

ich, im, je, them
(Polish)

aftous, aftes, afta
(Greek)
ata, ato, atyre,
them, pron.
(Albanian)

ille, illa, ilud, they

eu, 'u, 'w; hwynt, nhw
they, them (Welsh)
egli, colui, he; ella,
essa, colei, she; lo,
la, esso, essa, cio, al,
pron., it ;
essi, esse,
loro, li, quelli,
quelle,
coloro, them (Italian)
le, it, he, she, def.
art., pron.; eux,
elles,
les, leur, them (French)

them? pronoun?

le, Script Z572,
Z638, Z1334,
Z1853, K67, Q303

x

ânjâ, darân jâ,
adj., adv. there
(Persian)

tam, w tym
miejscu (Polish)

ekei (Greek)
atje, aty, këtu, në
këtë vend, there,
adv. (Albanian)

ibi, illi, istic

acw, adv (Welsh)
la, adv., (Italian)
la, adv., (French)

there

Le, Script TC28,
TC103, TC260,
TC271,TC327,
R434, R653, K92,
K107, K136, J8,
J18, Au55, Au82,
Au90; NC-4; MS-1, Pl-21, PL-29

x

isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them
[n] (Persian)

ich, im, je, them
(Polish)

aftous, aftes, afta
(Greek)

ata, ato, atyre,
them, pron.
(Albanian)

ille, illa, ilud, they; les, legis, f., contract, covenant, agreement, law

essi, esse, loro, li,
quelli, quelle, coloro:
legge, f., law
(Italian)
les, (pl. of le) elles, les,
eus, them;
loi, f., law, rule; (French)

them? pronoun?

probable:
law

les, Script
R521, G21, K36,
PL-1,

x

isânrâ, be isân,
be ânhâ, them
[n] (Persian)

xich, im, je, them
(Polish)

aftous, aftes, afta
(Greek)

ata, ato, atyre,
them, pron.
(Albanian)

ille, illa, ilud, they

eu, 'u, 'w; hwynt, nhw
they, them (Welsh)
essi, esse, loro, li,
quelli, quelle, coloro
(Italian)
l
es, (pl. of le) elles, les,
eus, them (French)

them? pronoun?

li, Script TC-1

x

u, vey, ân, he, she;
ân, ân ciz, it;
ânân, isân, ânhâ,
they; isânrâ, be
isân, be ânhâ,
them, (Persian)

ono, to (Polish)

ai, ajo, atë, ky, kjo
(Albanian)

hic, haec, hoc; is, ea,
id, ille, illa, illud

esso, essa, cio, al,
pron., it;
lo, def. art.,
the (Italian)

it?

lo (lv), Script N311,
Q152, Q202, Q224,
R554, K113

ruj, rujati, break,
crushdown, destroy,
break open, tear out,
lacerate, dislimb;
vyay, -yati, -te,
waste, squander,
expend

daridegi, ris,
laceration [n] bar
bâd dâdan, hadar
kardan, to
squander (Persian)

marnowac,
trwonic, squander;
okaleczyc, maim;
drzec, lza, pedzic,
rozdarcie,
rozrywac, rwac,
szarpac,
tore, tear
(Polish)

kommatiazo,
xeschizo,
katasparasso,
lacerate (Greek)
harxhoj, shpenzoj
pa hesap,
shkapërderdh, to
squander; gërvisht,
cierr, shqyej,
cingris nervat, to
lacerate; gjmtoj,
sakatoj, to maim,
(Albanian)

lacero-are

dragio, to drag, tear,
mangle; llarpio, to
rend, tear, mangle,
maul, lacerate;
rhwygo,
to rend, tear, harrow,
lacerate; afradu, to
squander; gwastraffu,
to waste, squander
(Welsh)
scialaquare, squander
(Italian);
gaspiller, squander
lacérer, lacerate
(French)
isnija, to link, tear
(Hittite)

tear [<OE teran]
to pieces, maim,
squander, slander,
lacerate

LACeR, Script M67

zithilay, -yati, to
loosen, relax;
zathAy,
to loosen or untie;
dA, dyati, to bind, tie,
fetter, {vi}, to loosen;
cRt, cRtati, to fasten,
connect, attach {ava},
let loose;
bandh,
badhnAti, badhnIte
,
to bind, attach, tie

gereftâri, band,
pâgir, bind [n],
bastan, gereftâr
sodan, to bind
sost kardan, ârâm
sodan, to relax;
pahn kardan,
gosâd kardan,
pahn sodan, to
widen (Persian)

rozszerzac, widen
odpoczac,
odprezyc, oslabic,
zmniejszyc,
napiecie, relax;
bound, oprawic,
wiazac,
zobowiazac, bind
(Polish)

dievryno, plataino,
widen; deno,
isopsifo, desmos,
grabata, isopsifia
widen (Greek)
liroj,
lehtësoj,
zbutem,
dobësohem,
zvogëloj, to relax;
idh, lidhem,
ankohem, to bind
(Albanian)

laxo-are; to widen,
loosen; ligamen-inis,
string, tie, bandage;
ligo -are, to bind

llacio, to slacken,
loosen, relax;
llaesu, to
slacken, loosen, relax,
relent, droop;
caethiwo, to bind,
confine, restrict,
enslave, detain;
rhwymo, to bind, tie,
lash, bandage (Welsh)
rilassare, relax;
legare, to tie, bind
(Italian);
relâcher, relax; lier,
to bind (French)
hars, to loosen
dalugaes, long (Hittite)

to widen, loosen [<ON lauss],
relax? to tie,
bind
[<OE bindan]?

LaKA, Script Z432,
Z1153, Z1161

potha [m], blow,
strike with; han,
hanti, hate,
jighnate, -ti, to smite,
beat, strike down,
hew off, hit pierce
hurt

e'tesâb [n], zadan,
barxord kardan,
sâyidan, to strike
(Persian)

bic, strajk, struck,
uderzac, walic,
zapalic, strike
(Polish)

chtypo, apergo,
chtypima, apergia,
strike; blapto,
pligono, zimia, hurt
(Greek)
godas, godit, qëlloj,
gjuaj, bie, bej grevë,
ul, to strike
(Albanian)

laedo, laedere, laesti,
laesum

clapio, to lump, strike,
gossip; curo, to beat,
strike, knock, rap,
bang, batter, clap,
throb; taro, to strike,
smite, hit, knock, tap,
clap, clash, stick, suit
(Welsh)
battere, to batter
(Italian);
frapper, to strike
(French)

to strike [<OE
strican, to stroke],
knock,
batter
[<Lat. battuo-ere,
clap, [<OE
clappen] hurt,
bargain? box
[ME, box, to hit
with the hand]

laeti, Script Z516
laetim, Script ZA-4

palpUlay, -layati, to
wash in lye, wash or
cleanse; kSal,
kSAlayati, to wash,
cleanse;
nij, pp.
{
nikta3} (q.v.), I.
{
ne3nekti, nenikte3},
to wash, cleanse,
purify;
plu, plavate,
to float, swim, bathe,
sail; spRz, spRzati,
to touch, touch water,
wash or sprinkle with
water

sostosu kardan,
âbtani kardan

myc, mycie, prac,
pranie,
przemywanie,
wash; kapac sie,
kapiel,
przemywac, bathe
(Polish)

pleno, plenomai,
nibo, nibomai,
plysi, wash
ygraino, moisten;
louomai, kolympo,
louzo, banio,
kolympi
(Greek)
laj, lahem, bëj
banjë, lag,
përplasem,
lyej
muret, to wash
(Albanian)

lavo, lavare, lavere,
lavi, lautum or lotu
or lavatum

golchi, to wash, bathe,
flush, lather; ymolchi,
to wash oneself, bathe
(Welsh)
lavare, bagnare
(Italian);
laver, baigner,
nettoyer, to wash,
clean, scour (French)

to wash [<OE wacsan], bathe
[<OE bathian],
moisten

LAVeS, Script
TC213
lavin, Script K6;

x

x

x

x

laudo-are, to praise,
extol, commend, to
name, mention,
cite, quote;
laus,
laudis
[f],
praise, fame, glory

lode [f], praise (Italian)
louange [f], praise
(French)
wasa, to esteem
(Hittite)

praise

lauo (lafv), Script
Z432, Z1153,
Z1161; AN42;
laues (lafes), Script
TC120, VF-4; See Note (2)

parideva [m], lamentation, wailing; kAku [f], wail, lamentation, emphatic speech.

sugvâri, nâlâni,
lamentation
(Persian)

lament,
lamentowac,
oplakiwak, lament
(Polish)

thrino, klaio goera,
lament (Greek)
qaj, dëshpërohem,
vajtoj, to lament
(Albanian)

Laius-i, father of
Oedipus; lamentor
ari,
to weep, wail,
lament

alaethu, cwyno, to
complain, lament,
bewail, to lament
(Welsh)
lai, [ m. pl],
lamentations
(Italian)
lamentation [f]
(French)

name? Lais, Laius?
lament?

lais Script Z1334

meSa [m], ram, sheep;
in Veda also a fleece
or anything woollen;
uraNa & urabhra [m],
ram (wool-bearer)

pasm, jâmeye
pasmi, wool [n]
(Persian)

welna, wool
(Polish)

malli, erio, wool
(Greek)
lesh, rrobë e leshtë,
wool (Albanian)

lana-ae [f], wool,
laena-a [f] a cloak,
lanatus-a
um
, wool-bearing

gwlan, gwlanoedd [m],
wool; edau, edafedd
[f], thread, cotton,
yarn, wool (Welsh)
lana [f] (Italian)
laine [f] wool,
lainaux, wooly
(French)
ulana (Hittite)

wool, [<OE wull]
wool bearing

lane, Script Z455:
LANTeS, Script
Z1562

kunta, m. spear, lance;
kSip, kSipati, -te, to
throw, cast;
prahati [f], stroke,
throw;
prAsa [m],
cast, throw; spear;
vap, vapati, -te, to
strew, scatter, esp.
seed, throw or cast
dice, as, asyati, to
throw, cast, shoot at,
throw away, hurl

andâxtan,
afkandan,
part
kardan, to throw
(Persian)

rzucac, rzut,
threw, throw
(Polish)
mest (Baltic
Sudovian)
richno, riximo, boli,
to throw (Greek)
hedh, flak, vervis,
jap, to throw
(Albanian)

lancea-ae [f], a light
spear or lance
iacio, iacere, ieci,
iactum
, to throw,
cast

lluchio, to throw, fling,
pelt, drift; taflu, to
throw, fling, cast, hurl,
heave, pelt (Welsh)
lann [f] blade, sword,
scale as of a fish,
lancet; also a house
(Scott)
lanciare, to throw,
fling, pitch;
slanciare,
vt. to throw, thin out,
rush;
gettare, to throw
(Italian)
se
lancer, to rush, to
dash, to dart;
jeter, to
throw (French)
to throw, [<OE
thrawan], fling,
pitch, hurl,
launch
[<Lat. lanceare; to
launch;
lancea-ae
[f], a light spear or
lance]

lanso (lansv),
Script K108

See slanso (slansv)

sattva, being,
existence, reality,
nature, character,
energy, goodness,
spirit, phantom,
spectre, imp, goblin;
preta, deceased, dead,
adv. {-vat}Å; [m] a
ghost; yakSa [n], a
supernatural being or
apparition, ghost,
spirit; [m], a class of
geni; abhijana [m],
origin, race, family.
ancestors

pari, jen, fairy
(Persian)

czarodziejski,
magiczny, pedal,
pederasta, fairy;
fantazja, kaprys,
wyobraznia, fantasy (Polish)
lauma, fairy
(Baltic-Sudovian)

frogonos, ancestor;
neraidan, fairy;
phantasia,
appearance (Greek)
fantazmë, lugat,
spectre (Albanian)

lar, laris [m], lares,
pl. Roman tutelary
dieties, esp.
household deities;
meton., hearth,
dwelling, home

tylwyth-au [m],
household, family,
tribe, clan, genus;
tylwyth teg, fairies;
teg (tec), adj. fair,
beautiful, lovely, fine, comely (Welsh)
làr [m] làir, pl, the
ground floor;
làrach,
site of a building,
abode, habitation
(Scott)
fantasia [f], fantasy,
imagination, whim,
fancy, mind;
fata [f],
fairy (Italian)
fantaisie [f] fancy,
whim, caprice,
imagination,
fantasia
[mus.];
fée, [f], fairy
(French)

household gods,
worshipped
ancestors, spectre,
fairy [<Lat. fata,
fates]; fantasy
[<Gk. phantasia];
relates to
lair,
English, a den or
hidden dwelling
[<OE
leger]

lar, Script TC61,
TC71, TC80,
TC108, TC120,
TC201, TC231,
TC260, TC327,
M60, AF-1, K58,
AM-7
lare, Script TC231,
K-1
lari, Script N670; PL-9,
laris, Script TC19,
TC71, TC127,
TC137, TC213,
TC248, TC290,
TC327

x

ravân, div, ghost;
nasim, breeze;
ruband, parde,
padâm, mask;
(Persian)

bryza, latwizna,
wietrzyk, breeze
(Polish)
lauma, fairy
(Baltic-Sudovian)

frogonos, ancestor;
neraidan, fairy;
phantasia,
appearance; aura,
breeze (Greek)
fantazmë, lugat,
spectre (Albanian)

arua [larua]-ae [f] a
ghost, spectre, a mask

bwci [m], bugbear,
bogey, ghost,
hobgoblin;
bwgan -od
[m], bogey, ghost,
scarecrow, hobgoblin
drychiolaeth-au [f],
apparition, phantom,
ghost, goblin,
phantasm;
ysbryd-ion
[m], ghost, spirit,
apparition (Welsh)
brezza [f], breeze
(Italian) fantasma,
apparizione
[m];
aura [f] breeze
spectre, fantome [m;
brise [f] breeze]
(French)

ghost [<OE gast],
spectre;
bogy,
[<orig., unknown]
hobgoblin
breeze
[<OSp. briza,
northeast wind?],
aura [<Gr. aura]?

laru (larv), Script
TC108, K43, AN31;
LS-1, PL-19

jas, jasate, to be
exhausted, languish;
glAsnu, adj.,
exhausted

xaste, mânde,
bizâr, adj., mânde,
bizâr [n], weary
(Persian)

oproznic,
wyczerpac,
exhaust (Polish)

exantlo, to
exhausted
(Greek)
gajas
, to exhaust
(Albanian)

lasso-are, to
make weary, to
exhaust
lassitudeo-inis [f]
weariness, exhaustion

lluddedu, to tire,
weary, exhaust,
fatigue, jade (Welsh)
laighe, v. lying,
reclining,
subsiding;
laigse [f]
weakness, debility,
feebleness
(Scott)
annoito, stanco,
tedioso, weary;
affaticare, annolare,
make weary; lasciare, to leave, weary
(Italian)
achever, débiliter, to
exhaust; fatigue,
lassitude [f] ennui [m],
las, fatigué adj., weary
lasser, to leave, weary
(French)

to make weary,
exhaust

las, Script Au86
lasier, Script BS-7

x

soxanrâni, oration
(Persian)

x

dimigoria, logos,
agorefsi, oration
(Greek)

laesio-onis [f]

araith, areithiau [f],
speech, oration,
address, discourse,
harangue;
arawd,
arodion
[f], speech,
oration, harangue,
praise, prayer (Welsh)
arringa [f], harangue,
orazione [f], oration
(Italian)
harangue [f], harangue
oration (French)

an oratorical
attack,
harangue
[<Med. Lat.
harenga]

lasio (lasiv), Script
R359

Ar, Aryati, gUrdhay,
gUrdhayati; navana,
mahana [n], nuti,
pariSTuti, prastuti
[f], praise; stoma [m],
praise, song of praise.

setâyes, parastes
[n], sotudan, to
praise (Persian)

chwalic, pochwala,
praise (Polish)

epainos, epaino,
doxazo, praise
(Greek)
lavd, lëvdatë,
lavdërim
, praise
[n];
lavdëroj,
lëvdoj
, mburr, to
praise (Albanian)

laudo-are, to praise;
laus-laudis, fame,
glory

canmol, clodfori, moli
(moliannu), to praise,
commend, laud, extol
(Welsh)

lodare
, elogiare
(Italian)
louer (French)
wasa, to esteem (Hittite)

to praise [<Lat. pretium-i, price]

late, Script AK-1

x

Lâtin, adj., Lâtin,
Ruiye kohan [n],
Latin (Persian)

x

Latinos, Latinika,
latinikos
(Greek)

Latinus-a-um;
Latium-i

Lladin [f], (Welsh)
latino adj. (Italian)
latin, adj. (French)

Latium, Latin

Latina, Script TC90,
TC213, TC338

Ar, Aryati, gUrdhay,
gUrdhayati; navana,
mahana [n], nuti,
pariSTuti, prastuti
[f], praise; stoma [m],
praise, song of praise.

setâyes, parastes
[n], sotudan, to
praise (Persian)

chwalic, pochwala,
praise (Polish)

epainos, epaino,
doxazo, praise
(Greek)
lavd, lëvdatë,
lavdërim
, praise
[n];
lavdëroj,
lëvdoj
, mburr, to
praise (Albanian)

laodo-are, to praise;
laus-laudis, fame, glory

Probably to wash
lavo, lavare, lavere,
lavi, lautum or lotu
or lavatum

canmol, clodfori, moli
(moliannu), to praise,
commend, laud, extol
(Welsh)

lodare
, elogiare
(Italian)
louer (French)

to praise; probably to wash

LAVeS, Script
TC213
lavin, Script K6;
lavo (lafv), Script
AN42

lekhaani, writings;
likh, likhati (-te),
scratch, furrow,
draw a line,
write, delineate,
paint, cut in, chisel,
form, smooth, polish

frâmraot [fra
mrû], declare
(Avestan)
dastur, sefâres,
order [n],
farmudan, to order
dâvar, dâdvar,
judge [n], dâdvari
kardan, to judge
(Persian)

izjaviti, objaviti
ordain (Serbo
Croatian)
wyswiecic,
zarzadzac, ordain,
prawo, ustawa,
law;
legat, spadek,
zapis, legacy;
pismo,
utwor,
writing (Polish)
zahad [m], ordain
(Belarus)

cheirotomo,
thespizo, proorizo,
to order;
graphein,
to write (Greek)
urdhëroj,
trashëgim, to
ordain; kërkoj, to
demand; shkrim,
writing (Albanian)

lego-are

archebu, to order;
gorchymn, to
command, order,
decree, prescribe,
enjoin; lluniaethu, to
order, ordain, decree;
ysgrif-au [f], writing
(Welsh)
faoillsich, reveal, make
manifest, declare;
lagh
[m.] law, order,
method;
laghail, adj.
legal, lawful (Scott)
ordinare, decretare. vi.
to order;
legato [m]
legacy (Italian)
ordonner, ordainer,
décréter, to order,
ordain;
legs [m] legacy,
bequest (French)
wätk to order,
(Tocharian)
hãkka, to demand;
uwêti, writes (Lycian)

to ordain, order
[<Lat. ordo]
leave as legacy,
writing [<OE
writan]; inscribe
(<Lat. inscribo
-scribere -scripsi
scriptum
], to write
in or on]

lecin, Script Z289,
Z990, they ordain?

dul, dolayati, to raise,
swing; gur, gurate, to
lift up {apa}, reject,
revile; tul, tolayati,
lift up, weigh,
examine, compare,
equal, match, raise;
acita & aJcita, bend,
move, go, exalt,
honour, lift up, raise

boland kardan,
barpâ kardan,
afrâstan, to raise
(Persian)

budowac,
hodowac,
podniesc,
podwyzka,
podwyzszyc,
wywolywac,
wznosic, zbierac,
raise (Polish)

anypsono, sykono,
anelkystiras,
anypsosi, lift;
sikono, psilono,
anatrefo, raise
(Greek)
gradoj, ngre,
lartësoj, ngaz
ëllej,
përmirësoj, elevate
[n];
coj, ngre, rrit,
shtoj, lartësoj,
gradoj, ngjhall,
ringjall, shkaktoj,
to raise (Albanian)

levo-are, to raise up;
to smooth, polish

codi (cyfodi), to raise,
lift, exalt, erect,
heave,hoist, rear, cock,
exact, levy, prick, rise,
mount (Welsh)
elevare, to elevate, lift,
exalt (Italian)
lever, to rise, arise,
stand up, clear up
(French)
ninikzi, he lifts, raises
wala, to lift (Hittite)

to raise, lift up,
ease; to arise,
stage
[<Lat. stare, to
stand]

leua (lefa), Script ZB-2
leue (lefe), Script Z981, Z1013, Z1027, TC120
leues (lefes)
, Script Z150, Z176

pArIndra [m] lion
kesarin, maned; [m]
lion; mahAsiMha [m],
great lion

mâdesir (Persian)

lwica, lioness
(Polish)

leaina (Greek)
luaneshë
(Albanian)

lea-ae and laena [f

llewes-au [f] (Welsh)
leonessa [f] (Italian)
lionne [f] (French)

a lioness

lei, Script Q297,
K74, TC144

gorasa [m] cow-milk,
milk; dA, dadAti,
datte, dadati, -te
(dAti, dadmi), to give,
bestow, concede,
remit, yield, grant,
allow, etc.

gozâstan, vâgozâr
kardan, hestan, to
let; sir [n],
dusidan, to milk
(Persian)

doic, mleko, milk,
dopuscic,
let,
pozwolic,
sprawic, wynajac,
let (Polish)

gaia, armago, let
out (Greek)
lejoj, lë, jap,
llogarus; to let out,
let go;
lëng, n. milk,
njel, to milk
(Albanian)

lac, lactis, milk,
milky sap, milk
-white;

licet, licere, lecuit or licitum, it is allowed; one can or may; licens-entis, free, unrestrained

gollwng, to drop,
loose, let go, absolve,
broach, discharge,
dismiss, release,
relieve, leak; blith-ion
[m], milk;
llaeth, milk,
buttermilk; llefrith-od,
[m]. milk, sweet milk,
new milk (Welsh)
leig, va. to let, let out,
let go, permit, allow,
milk, rain (Scott)
latte [m] milk (Italian)
laisser, to leave, to let,
to allow, to permit, to
quit, abandon;
lait [m]
milk (French)
lila, expiation, lilai, to
release (Hittite)

to let, let out, let
go, permit,
allow,
to
milk [<OE
milc]
, to rain;
to strike?

leis, Script TC 150
(See
laeti above, L.
laedo, ladere, laesi,
laesum, to strike,
hurt, injure)

aGga, adj. [f], limb,
member, body, part,
theme; zuti [f],
hearing, ear, sound,
sacred tidings, holy
writ, appellation, title

zamine, rise,
theme [n]; nâm,
laqab,
titr, title
(Persian)

temat, theme;
naglowek, prawo,
tytul, title (Polish)

thema, theme
(Greek)
motiv, temë, lëndë, theme; emër, titull, e drejtë, titra, title [n], titulloj, to title (Albanian)

lemma-atis

testun-au [m], text,
theme, subject;
thema
-u
[f], theme; teitl-au
[m], title, appellation
(Welsh)
tema [m] (Italian)
thême, sujet, titre [m]
(French)

theme [<Gk.
thema],title,{<Lat.
titulus-i [m]] an
epigram

lem, Script Z572,
Z1378, AG-1

pArIndra [m] lion,
kesarin, maned [m]
lion

sir, lion; madesir,
lioness (Persian)

lew, lion; lwica,
lioness (Polish)

liontari, lion; leaina,
lioness (Greek)
luaneshë
, lioness;
luan, lion
(Albanian)

leaena, lioness, leo,
lion

llew-od-ys [m], lion;
llewes-au [f] (Welsh)
leóghann, lion (Scott)
leone [m] lion;
leonesse [f] lioness;
lena, breath, wind,
vigor (Italian);
lion [m] lion; lioness
[f] lioness; souffler, to
breath (French)

lioness?
breath, wind,
vigor, energy?

lena, Script Z1292,
Z1326

kSauma [f]{I} made
of linen; n. linen
garment, linseed;
tandra [n], series,
line; rAji or {rAjI}[f],
streak, line, row

derâz, xatti,
kaside, adj. linear
katân, malâfe,
karbâs, adj., [n],
linen (Persian)

branza, dziedzina,
granica, kolejka,
kreska, krotki list,
lina, linia,
liniowac, porszyc,
polaczenie
telefoniczne,
przewod, rola,
specjalnosc,
szereg, sznur,
ustawic w szeregu,
wers, zakres, line;
bielizna, lniany,
plocienny, plotno,
linen (Polish)
lina (Baltic-
Sudovian)

lino yfasma,
asproroucha, linen;
grammikos, linear;
linear (mat)
vizor, linear;
metriazo, kolazo,
mitigate
(Greek)
dretoj, radhit
radhis, rreshtoj
linear (Albanian)

linea-ae [f]; lineo
are
, to make straight;
lena-ae [f] a

procuress, bawd
leno-ire, to make
mild, mitigate,
relieve;
linum-i, flax, linen

lliain, llieiniau [m],
linen, cloth, towel;
llinellaidd, adj., linear
llin [m], flax, line,
lineage (Welsh)
lino [m] flax; linea [f]
line;
lineare, adj.
linear; tela [f] linen,
cloth, canvas; clemente,
indulgent, adj. lenient
(Italian)
lin [m] flax,
linen;
linge [m] linen;
linéaire, adj.linear;
ligne[f] line; indulgent,
aducissant, lénitif, adj.
lenient (French)

line, linen, flax,
linen thread,
string? to mitigate,
lenient?

lena, Script Z1292,
Z1326
leni, Scripts TC127,
TC236,
lenies, Script R426
LeNE, Script Z64

dan, da3n, straighten

râst kardan,
dorost kardan, to
straighten|
(Persian)

porzadkowac,
prostowac,
straighten (Polish)

eythys, isios,
kateytheian,
straight (Greek)
dreijohem,
rregulloj, squaroj,
korrigoj, to
straighten
(Albanian)

linea-ae, [f] a linen
thread;
lineo-are, to
make straight

sythu, to stiffen,
straighten, starve with
cold;
syth [f], stiff,
erect, perpendicular,
straight (Welsh)
lean, va. follow, adhere
to, stick to, continue
(Scott)
lineara, adj.linear;
raddrizzare, to
straighten; diriturra,
straightness [f] (Italian)
linéare, adj. linear;
droit, adj. straight;
redresser, to straighten
(French)

to make straight
[<ME strecchen]?
(probably to relieve, make mild)

lena, Script Z1292,
Z1326
leni, Scripts TC127,
TC236,
lenies, Script R426
LeNE, Script Z64

x

x

x

Lerna, town south of Argos where the Alcyonian Lake, entrance to Hades, was located (Greek)

laurus-i, f. the laurel or bay-tree; meten. triumph, victory

x

laurel, bay tree; triumph?This word is used like"lord."

Lerni – Lerna?

ler, Z5, K13, PL-5, PL-17,
lere, N26
leres, Z155
leri, Z122, Z224, Z851
lerni, PL-26

zamAy, -yati; seek
for peace of mind;
{ya3te} bring to rest
i.e., kill.; muT,
moTate, to break or
cut off, strangle,
smother, kill; ghAtay,
-yati (-yate), punish,
slay, kill, destroy; mr,
marati, marate, to die,
depart from life,
{mAra3yati} ({-te},
kill, slay

kostan, to kill
(Persian)

zabic, kill (Polish)

skotono, to kill
(Greek)
vras, ves gazit, to
slay; i jap fund,
vras, heq, d
ëmtoj,
zhduk, shuaj,
rrëzoj, shkatërroj,
to kill
(Albanian)

leto-are; Lato-us and
Latona-ae [f],
mother of Apollo
and Diana

lladd, to kill, slay,
slaughter, cut (Welsh)
uccidere, ammazzare,
distruggere (Italian)
tuer, détruire;
meurtre
[m], murder, meurtrir,
to bruise (French)
kwen, to kill (Hittite)

to kill [<ME
killen], slay[<OE
slean]; murder
[<OE morthor]
possibly the
Roman Goddess
Lato [Latona]

LeTh, M67
leto (letv)
,
Scripts Z170, Q183;
LeTV, Scripts Q713,
R306, R560, R663

ghRS, gharSati,
polish, crush, pound;
likh, likhati (-te),
scratch, write, chisel,
form polish

pâlâyes dâdan, jalâ
dâdan, to polish
(Persian)

ozywic, rozjasnic,
brighten, dobrze
wymieszany,
gladki, rowny,
spokojny,
wygladzac,
smooth (Polish)

gyalizo, gyalisma,
polish; gializo,
ampryno,
brighten; fakelos,
katatheto, archeio,
file (Greek)
lustroj, lëmoj
(Albanian)

limo-are; lustro-are
to brighten, illumine
polio-ire, to polish,
file, make smooth,
esp. to cover with
white, whiten; to
adorn, to finish off;
luceo-lucere, luxi, to
be bright

caboli, to polish,
furbish, gloywi, to
brighten, polish,
clarify, furbish; llathru,
to polish (Welsh)

lìomh
, va. to polish,
smooth (Scott)
lucidare (Italian)
polir (French)

to polish [<L.
polio-ire]
, file
down

limo (limv), Script
Au76

x

x

x

x

x

x

person's name,
Linas

Linas, Script AK-1 Linii, Script
AK-1

kAryadarzana, n.
trial of a law-suit;
pakSa, wing,
feather, side,
thesis, action, law
suit; nyAya,
norm, standard,
logical argument,
law-suit

dâdxâhi, lawsuit
ruydâd, tazes,
process [n]
(Persian)

proces, lawsuit
(Polish)

diki, agogi, lawsuit
filoniko, filonikia,
kavgas, quarrel
(Greek)
gjyq, proçes,
process; procedim
(Albanian)

lis, litis [f]

cyngaws (cynghawsau
-ion
) [m], lawsuit,
action (Welsh)
causa [f] (Italian)
procès [m] (French)

legal controversy,
action, suit,
strife, quarrel,
process [<Lat.
processus-us,
advance, progress]

lis, Script TC190

jyotiH ru bhaaH,
bhaati

sabok, âhesete,
light, adv., rowsan
kardan, âtas zadan,
to light (Persian)

jasny, lampa,
lekki, lit, ogien,
oswietlac,
rozpalic, swiatlo,
swiecic,
zapalic,
light (Polish)
palic, v. imp.,
spalic, v. perf.,
burn (Belarus)

phos, light; lampo,
bright (Greek)
ndizet, ndlem,
ulet, ndesh
(Albanian)

lux, lucis, luceo;

cynnau, to kindle,
light, ignite; goleuo
(go
leu), to light,
enlighten, illuminate,
elucidate, irradiate
golau, goleuadau [m],
light;
lleu, llug, bright
(Welsh)
soillse [m] light, ray of
light, brightness;
(Scott)
luce [f], light; lucidare,
to polish, shine
(Italian)
lustre [m] brilliance;
lucide, clear-headed
(French)
luks, to illuminate,
(Tocharian)
luga, to burn down
(Lycian)
lukkai, to light, shine (Hittiete)

light [<OE leoht]

los (lvs) Script TC71, Pl-6, Pl-20
losan (lvsan), they light, Script Z543;

apanunutsu
adj., desiring to
remove or expiate;
hvu, hvute, conceal
from, refuse, deny,
satisfy, apologize,
expiate

sol, gosâd, âzâd,
adj., adv. loose;
tuzes, atonement
[n] (Persian)

luzno, luzny,
obwisly, puscic,
rozluznic,
rozwiazany,
sypki, wolno,
wolny, loose;
odpokutowac,
expiate (Polish)

timoroumai,
exileonomai, atone;

(Greek)
shlyej, vë në vend,
to expiate
(Albanian)

luo, luere, lui,
luiturus
, to expiate

gwneud iawn, to do
(gwneud) right iawn =
adj. right, to atone,
make amends, expiate
(Welsh)
espiare (Italian)
expier (French)
lila, expiation, lilai, to
release (Hittite)

to loose [<ON
lauss], expiate
[<Lat. expio-are],
atone for

lui (lvi), Script M-8;
luis (lvis) Script
TC103 Note: (3)
lur (lvr),
Script Z582;
luri (lvri),
Script Z463, HA-1;
LURvS (LVRvS),
Script M24, M32;

shashii sudhaakar,
soma

mâh [-] (Avestan)
mâh, moon, month
(Persian)

mesec
(Serbo-Croatian)
ksiezyc, moon;
miesiac, month
(Polish)
miesiac (Belarus)
menikas
(Baltic-Sudovian)

selini (Greek)
hënë, satlit,
moon;
muaj,
month (Albanian)

luna-ae, moon,
mensis (month)

lleuad-au [f], lloer-au
[f], moon; mis-oedd
[m], month (Welsh)
gealach [f.]
mìos [m]
ré, moon, season
(Scott)
loar (Breton)
mese [m] month;
lune [f] moon (Italian)
mois [f] month; lune
[f] moon (French)
mañ, month,
(Tocharian)
arma, moon; mehur, a
month (Hittitte)

moon [<OE
mona], a month
[<OE monath]

lune (lvne), Script
Z805, Z1835, R121,
R133, R150

x

x

x

x

lumbus, m., loins

lonza, f., Italian
longe, f., French

loins?

luns (lvns), ScriptPl-28

x

x

x

x

luo, luere, lui,
luiturus
, to loose,
expiate, atone for,
make good

lasciar, to loose;
espiare, to atone
(Italian)
lâcher, to loose; expier,
to atone (French)
lila, expiation, lilai, to
release (Hittite)

to loose [<OE
lauss], expiate, atone
for

lus (LFS) Script PL-29

jambAla, mud, clay;
paGka, mud, dirt;
kardama [m], mud,
slime;

gel, lajan, mud
(Persian)

bloto, mul, mud
(Polish)

laspi, borboros,
mud (Greek)
baltë, llucë, shpifje,
punë dreqi, punë e
ndyrë, mud
(Albanian)

lutum-i

baw [m], dirt, mire,
filth, mud, muck, dung,
excrement;
llaca [m],
mire, mud, puddle;
llaid (lleidiau) [m],
mud, mire, ooze (Welsh)
fango [m] (Italian)
boue, fange [f] (French)

mud [<ME
mudde], mire
[<ON myrr], dirt
[<ON drit],
clay [<OE claeg];
this may be
the name of a
town, Luta

luta (lvta), Script
G9, G14, G39

masRNay, -yati,
soften, smoothen;
mRdU bhU, become
soft, soften

narm kardan, kam
kardan (to soften
(Persian)

mieknac,
zlagodzic,
zmiekczyc, soften;
chudy,
leant,
opierac sie,
pochylac sie,
sklaniac sie, lean
(Polish)

malakos, apalos,
soft; tryferos,
prosfero, prosfora
(Greek)
lehtësoj, zbut,
zbus, to soften
(Albanian)

macero-are

esmwytho, to ease,
soothe, soften,
alleviate, relieve;
meddalu, to soften,
mollify, macerate;
tyneru, to make
tender, soften, mollify,
relent (Welsh)
maoth, adj. soft,
tender, delicate,
effeminate;
maothaich,
va. soften, alleviate,
become softer, become
delicate (Scott)
magro [lean]
ammorbidire, vt, to
soften (Italian)
macérer, to macerate
(French)

to soften [<OE
softe, pleasant],
make weak,
reduce, torment,
tease, vexan;
make
lean,[<OE hlaene],
make tender
[<Lat.
tener -era -
erum
, tender,
delicate, soft,
young ]

mac, Script Z819
maci, Script ZA-3
See also
MvLAK

x

x

x

x

x

mauvais, Fr., bad, evil

bad, evil

maf, Script S-8

mala, dirt, rubbish;
malinay, -yati, to soil,
defile

W-kesh; E-vad
(Armanian)

akha, bad,
evil; angra
(Avestan)
bad, sum,
ziyânâvar, adj.,
ziyânâvar, evil [n]
(Persian)

neispravan, rdjav,
zao
(Serbo-Croatian)
zlo, zly, evil;
brzydki, ugly;
niedobry,
worse,
zepsuty,
zlo, zly,
bad (Polish)
brydki (Belarus)
piktas, vargas,
bad, evil
(Baltic-Sudovian)

kakos, kako, evil;
dysmenis,
unfavorable
(Greek)
i pafavorshëm,
ikeq, ugly; ekeqe,
mëkat, evil
(Albanian)

malus-a-um

drwg (cyddrwg,
gwaeth, gwaethaf), adj.
bad, evil, naughty,
wicked, ill; drygionus,
adj. bad, wicked, evil
naughty; anhardd, adj.
unhandsome,
unseemly, ugly ;
annillyn, adj. inelegant,
ugly, clumsy,
unseemly; cethin, adj.,
dark, fierce, ugly;
diolwg, hagr,
adj. ugly;
hyll (f. hell;
pl. hellion) adj. ugly,
hideous, grisly,
gruesome (Welsh)
duaichnidh, adj.
ghastly, gloomy, ugly;
grànda, adj. ugly, ill
favored (Scott)
male [f] evil, ill, sin;
brutto, adj. ugly
(Italian)
mal [m] evil, hurt,
harm, pain, wrong,
disease;
laid, adj. ugly;
male, adv. badly
(French)
sakhar, dirt (Hittite)

unfavorable,
unsuccessful,
ugly [<ON uggligr,
frightful],
evil [<OE
yfel], bad [<ME
badde], hell [<OE helle]

male, Script Z614,
Z622, Z629, TC201,
R370;
malo (malv), Script
R370

uras[n] breast, uraska,
adj.;
stana [n], the
breast of a woman;
kuca [m], the female
breast

sine, pestân,
breast (Persian)

piers, breast
(Polish)

mastos, stithos
(Greek)
kraharor, gjoks, gji,
sisë, zemër,
ndjenja, breast
(Albanian)

mamma-ae [f]

brest-iau [f], breast,
chest; bron -nau, nydd
[f], breast; dwyfron
nau [f], breast, chest;
mynwes-au [f], breast,
bosom (Welsh)
petto [m] (Italian)
mamelle [f] (French)

breast [<OE breost]

mamar, Script AD-1

zeSI bhU, be left,
remain; As, Aste,
stay remain, seat
yourself;
sthA,
tiSThati, -te
,
stand, stay, wait;
sah, sahate (-ti),
overpower,withstand, suffer, endure

mândan,
bâzmândan, to
remain (Persian)

pozostac,
pozostalosci,
resztki, szcatki,
remain (Polish)

meno, apomeno,
remain (Greek)
mbetem, to
remain (Albanian)

maneo, manere,
mansi, mansum;
manto-are
, to wait
for

aros, to wait, await,
stay, stop, linger,
tarry, abide, remain,
continue; georffwys,
to rest, repose, remain;
dioddef, to suffer,
bear, endure, wait
(Welsh)
seas, va. and vn.,
stand, support,
endure, last (Scott)
restare, rimane;
aspettare,
durare
to wait (Italian)
rester, demeurer;
attendre, to wait
(French)

to remain, stay,
endure, last, wait
for,
rest [<OE rest]

man, Script M50;
mani, Script R530
mano (manv),
Script N206, Q219
MANTeR,
Script R381-– see below

x

x

x

Athena (Greek)

Minerva-ae [f]

x

Minerva-ae [f]
goddess of skill,
wisdom; wit, art

MANeRIFA,
Script M13

Aj _ apti, f. order,
command;
rAjazAsana, n.
royal edict or
order; zAsti, f.
punishment,
order, command

farmân, dastur,
mandate [n]
(Persian)

mandat (Polish)

entoli, diatagi,
to mandate dataxi,
taxi to order
paragkelia
systima, tagma
(Greek)
mandat, urdhër
(Albanian)

mando-are; to
mandate;
dico-dicere-dixi
dictum,
to indicate,
appoint, to say,
speak, tell

archebu, to order;
gorchymn, to
command, order,
decree, prescribe,
enjoin; hwylio, to sail,
prepare, order, attune,
embark, lluniaethu, to
order, ordain, decree
(Welsh)
mandato [m] mandate;
dichiarare, to declare
(Italian)
mandat [m] mandate;
dire, to say (French)

to commit,
mandate, entrust,
to
order [<Lat. ordo
inis
[m], a series,
order], to dictate
[<L.
dico -dicere
dixi -dictum
]

MANTeR, Script
R381

pastya, habitation,
stall, stable; [f], pl.
house, dwelling,
family, sgl. the
goddess of a house;
gotra [m] cow-stall,
race, family

kushk, portico;
âxor, stable [n]
cupâni, âhange
dasti, rustâyi,
pastoral [n]
rame, gale, herd
[n]; galle, rame [n],
cattle (Persian)

stabilny, stajnia,
stateczny, stable;
fotel parterowy,
kosk, kram,
stajnia, stoisko,
stragan, stall;
bydlo, cattle;
stado, tloczyc sie,
tlum, trzoda, herd
(Polish)
peku, cattle (Baltic
Sudovian)

agelio, herd;
statheros,
monimos,
stablas,
stablizo
, stable,
stall (Greek)
grazhd,
stallë,
stendë, qoshk
(Albanian)

mandra-ae [f.];
stable, pascuum,
pasture;
pecus-oris, cattle, a
herd, flock, esp. of
sheep;
stabulo-are, transit.
to stable cattle;
intransit., to have a
stall

ystabl-au [f], stable
(Welsh)
stàbull [m] a stable
(Scott)
stalla, f. stable (Italian)
écurie, f. stable
(French)

a stall [<OE
stealle
] cattle-pen,
stable, a herd of
cattle,
kiosk
[<Pers. kushk]

mantra? Script Q152

muSTihan, fighting
hand to hand;
prahasta, the
outstretched hand

W-tserk, E-tser
(Armenian)
dast, hand [n]
(Persian)

dlon, podawac,
przekazywac,
reka, robotnik,
wreczac,
wskazowka, hand
(Polish)

cheri, dino sto cheri
(Greek)
dorë (Albanian)

manus-us [f]

llaw (dwylo, dwylaw)
[f], hand; palf-af [f],
palm, hand, paw
(Welsh)
mano [f] hand (Italian)
main [f] (French)
kessar, a hand (Hittite)

hand [<OE hand],
by hand

mano (manv),
Scripts N206, Q219;
manu (man8), Script
R596

abdhi, udadhi
samudra

daryâ, sea
(Persian)

more, luka,
sea-port
(Serbo-Croatian)
morze (Polish)
mora (Belarus)
jur'ai (Baltic
Sudovian)

thalassa (Greek)
det (Albanian)

mare-is

gweilgi [f], sea, torrent
mor (moroedd) {m]
(Welsh)
fairge [f] sea,
ocean
maraiche [m],
sailor, mariner;
muir
[f], g.
mara (Scott)
mor (Breton)
mare [f] (Italian)
mar [f], pond; mer [f]
sea;
marin [m] mariner
(French)

sea

mar, Script Z572,
Z1236, Z1250,
Q406, Q512
marem, Script
Z1139;

maras, S-8

x

nesâne, nesân,
daxse, mark [n]
(Persian)

cel, marka, nota,
ocena, oznaaczyc,
oznakowac,
stopien, wypisac,
znacznik, znak
mark (Polish)

simeio, emporiko
sima, bathmos,
symeiono,
bathmologo, mark
(Greek)
lë gjurmë, shënoj,
etiketoj, vë vulë, to
mark; kryc, shenjë,
kufi, vulë, cak,
notë, emër, tregues,
famë, start, njollë,
mark [n]
(Albanian)

marcus-i; designare,
notare, to mark

amlygyn-nau [m],
mark, banner;
marc-iau
[m], mark (Welsh)
marcare, to mark, score
(Italian)
marque [f] mark
(French)

Marcus-i, Roman
praenomen;
possibly to mark,
a mark, to
note

marca, Script M8

kAkola, m. raven; n. a
cert. poison or hell;
dhvAGkSa
[m] a crow.

kalâqe siyâh, zâq,
meski, raven;
kalâq, crow
(Persian)

kruczy, kruk,
raven;
crew, piac,
wrona, crow
(Polish)
varna, crow;
varnas, raven;
(Baltic-Sudovian)

kotsyfas (Greek)
mëllenjë, mulizezë
(Albanian)

merula-ae [f]

mwyalch, blackbird;
bran (brain) [f], crow,
rook, raven (Welsh)
merlo [m] (Italian)
merle [m] (French)

blackbird? crow
[<OE crawe]?

marle, Script Z592;
see merle

x

x

x

Ares

Mars, Martis [old form Mavors]; martius-a-um, adj. from Mars

x

Mars, god of agriculture and war; from Mars


Marti,
Script N628, M60;
marties, Script
N304, N324

aparokSay, -yati, to
witness; karmasAksin
[m], witness of acts;
vettR, knower,
witness

govâhi dâdan, to
testify; govâhi,
govâh, witness [n];
govâh budan, to
witness (Persian)

dawac
swiadectwo,
swiadczyc,
testify; byc
swiadkiem,
swiadczyc,
swiadek, zeznanie,
witness
(Polish)

martus, witness;
martyro, testify
(Greek)
dëshmi, dëshmitar,
provë, witness [n];
dëshmoj, dal
dëshmitar, shfaq,
to testify (Albanian)

testor-ari, to bear
witness

tyst-ion [fm], witness
(Welsh)
martire [m], attestare,
to testify (Italian):
martyr [m], témoigner,
attester, to testify
(French)

martyr, witness
[<OE witnes]

marten
Script N11, N533;
martir, Script Z598

chaTA [f], mass,
lump, multitude; rAzi
[m], heap, mass,
multitude; puJja [m],
heap, lump, mass,
multitude of

tude, âyine asâ,
mass [n], tude
kardan, to mass
(Persian)

gromadzic, masa,
mnostwo, msza,
nagromadzenie,
mass (Polish)

maza, soros, ogkos,
synolo, leitourgia,
mazevo, syssorevo
(Greek)
masë, lëmsh,
grumbull, meshë,
tufë, shumicë, sasi,
tog, mass [n] (Albanian)

massa-ae [f], mass,
lump

pentwr (pentyrrau)
[m], heap, pile, mass;
pentyrru, to heap,
pile, accumulate,
amass;
clamp-iau [m],
mass, lump, bunch,
clump, monster (Welsh)
massa [f] mass,
bunch (Italian)
masse [f] mass,
heap, crowd;
masser, to mass
(French)

to mass

masan, Script Au85;
MaSaN, Script
Z1164;
maso (masv), Script
K74, K92

yeS, yeSati, to boil up, bubble; mad or
{
manda, ma3dati, -te,
ma3ndati, -te,
mama3tti,
mA3dyati}
, pp.
{matta3}, to bubble,
undulate, boil, be
agitated, or pleasantly
excited, rejoice at, be
mad or drunk with, to
madden

jusânidan, jusidan,
to boil (Persian)

gotowac, wrzec, boil (Polish)

brazo, boil (Greek)
avulloj, ziej,
gatuaj
me ujë të valuar,
valoj, gufon [deti],
to boil (Albanian)

madeo-ere; to steam; bullire, to boil

berwi, to boil, seethe,
effervesce; brydio, to
burn, inflame, boil,
throb (Welsh)
boilire, to boil;
vaporizar, to steam
bouillir, to boil;
s'évaporer, to steam
(French)

to be wet, steam,
to be
boiled [<Lat. bullire], to be
steeped in, about in

matam, Script Z761,
Z1359, Z1647
matan, Script Z1777

matR^i,
maataa
, ambaa;
zuzU [f]
mother.

barethrishva
(Avestan)
mâdar (Persian)

majka (Serbo
Croatian)
maci, matka
(Belarus)
mate (Baltic
Sudovian

mana, mitera (Greek)
mëmë, nënë
(Albanian)

mater, matris [f]

màthair (Scott)
mamm (Breton)
mam-au [f] (Welsh)
mère [f], maman [f] (French)
madre [f]; mamma [f] (Italian)
mácar (Tocharian)
êna (Lydian)
matar (Phrygian)
xñna, a mother (Lycian)

mother [<OE
modor]; mama

matra, Script R426,
matro, matru,
(matrv)
,
Script R487

(matro8), Script R459

maharsi, great rishi
(rishi = sage);
pramahas, of great
might

sokuh, bozorgi,
far, magnificence;
bozorg, setabr,
meh, adj. great
(Persian)

x

metgalos, tranos,
spydaios, great;
megaloprepis,
magnificent (Greek)
mad
ështor,
madhërishëm, I
madhërishëm,
mrekulleshëm,
magnificent;
madh,
famshëm, fisnik,
kryesor, adj. great
(Albanian)

maximus-a-um,
superl. of magnus-a
um, compar.
maior,
maius
; great, large; of
standing, great,
mighty, powerful,
important

mawr-ion, cymaint,
mwy, mwyaf, dj. large,
big, great, high;
ysblennyd, adj.
splendid, magnificent
(Welsh)
magnanimo (Italian)
magnifique (French)
wali, great (Hittite)

great [<OE great], glorious, magnificent [<Lat. magnificus-a-um]

maximas (makimas),
Script VF-6; See Note (2)

x

kân [n], marâ, mâle
man, pron. mine;
xodam, myself
(Persian)

ja, mi, mnie, me
(Polish)

mua, , ma, unë,
me, pron.
(Albanian)

me

fi, I, me; fy ('m, 'n),
my;
mi, pron. I, me;
myfi, pron., I, me,
myself (Welsh)
me (Italian)
me (French)

me, to me, myself

me, Script, Z122,
Z224, N149, N280,
N357, N363, N391,
N485, N582, Q311,
Q360, Q551, R459,
R474, R619
Me, Script M45

x

x

x

x

x

mecco (Italian)

with me, to me

mek, Script N74,
N112, N139, N173,
N206, N216, N230,
Q311, Q326, Q452,
Q521, Q784, Q795,
Q806,
Q813, Q829,
Q837, Q863, Q871,
TC213, Au22

x

x

x

x

x

x

Etruscan name of Diana, Artimus; ancient name of Lydia

MEAN, Script
DM-7

madhurasa [m], honey
juice, sweetness;
madhu [f], sweet,
pleasant, agreeable
[n], milk, honey,
Soma, mead, wine

ängabin, asal
honey (Persian);
hingiv (Kurdish)

kochanie!, miod,
honey (Polish)

meli, honey
(Greek)
mjaltë, ëmbëlsi, një
mrekulli, shpirti im
[gj.fol.], shpirt
njeriu (Albanian)

mel, mellis

me+l [m], honey
(Welsh)
miele, [f] honey
(Italian)
miel [m] honey
(French)
melit, honey (Hittite)

honey [<OE hunig], sweetness,
pleasantness;
mead [<OE medu]

mele, Script Z133,
Z224;
meli, Script AJ-1

sIsa & {sIsaka}[n]
lead; irajy, -jyati, -te,
to direct, lead,
dispose of, command;
dIrghI kR, to
lengthen, lead far
away; RtAy, pp.
{ya3ntra} lead or
make right, observe
the law; be obedient,
pious, or honest;
puras, adv. in front,
forward, before (also
prep. w. gen., abl.,
acc., or ); eastward, at
first. With {gam} go
first, take the lead;
Cf. {kR} 1 & {dhA}

rahbari, pisvâyi,
sorb, lead [n],
rahbari kardan, to
lead (Persian)

doprowadzenie,
glowna rola,
interlinia,
kierowac,
kierownictwo,
led,
olow, prowadnica,
prowadzenie,
prowadzic, prym,
przewod, zagranie,
zagrywac, lead
(Polish)

odigo, kathodigisi,
to lead, guide;
proporevomai,
protia, molybi,
molybdos,
to lead (Greek)
coj,
drejtoj, shpie,
jam në krye,
shoqëroj, kryesoj,
bind,
udhëheq, e
bëj të, ndjek, to
lead;
drejtoj,
udhëheq,
komandoj, to guide
(Albanian)

duco, ducere, duxi,
ductum, to draw
along or away; to
charm, influence,
mislead; to
lead, to marry

arwain, to lead;
blaenori, to lead,
precede, head, forego;
tywys, to lead, guide
(Welsh)
menare (Italian)
mener (French)
arnumi, I bring;
tapariala, to rule;
uwate, to bring, lead
(Hittite)

to lead [<OE
laedan], to take, to
deal, to bring, to
conduct, guide,
drive, command [<OFr.
comander]

mena, Script K131
menas, Script Z805
mene, Script Z1835,
M60
menes, Script N160;
menan, Script K131

meniar, Script N428

x

x

x

x

x

x

Menelaus, husband Helen of Troy

MENLe, Script
DM-10

manasy, -syati, -te, to
have in mind, intend;
manasketa [m], idea
(of the mind)

maqz, andise, rây,
mind [n]; pâyidan,
yâdâvar sodan, to
mind (think);
hozvârdan,
daryâftan,
âsnudan, to
understand
(Persian)

dazenie, decyzja,
dusza, opinia,
pamiec,
przejmowac sie,
rozum, umysl,
zdanie, zwazac,
zyczenie, mind
(Polish)

nous, gnomi,
prosecho, frontizo,
mind; katanoisi,
antilipsi,
synennoisi,
understanding
(Greek)
mend, mendje,
intelekt, opinion,
shpirt
, mind [n]
(Albanian)

mens, mentis [f] mind,
understanding,
intellect; judgment,
feelings, courage

bryd-iau [m], mind,
heart, will;
meddwl
(meddyliau)
[m],
thought, meaning,
opinion, mind (Welsh)
mente, pensiero,
intenzione, inteligenza
(Italian)
esprit, penchant, avis
[m] (French

mind, understanding

mens, Script
R349, R359

arh, arhati, to
deserve, merit, be
liable to, capable of

sazâvâr budan,
sâyestegi, dâstan,
to deserve
(Persian)

zaslugiwac,
deserve;
zaleta,
zasluzyc,
zsluga,
merit (Polish)
persluzit, to
deserve
(Baltic-Sudovian)

axia, azizo,
merit (Greek)
meritë, vlere,
merit;
meritaj, to
merit, deserve
(Albanian)

mereo-ere
ui-itum; meritus-a
-um

haeddiant
(haeddiannau) [m],
merit, desert, due;
teilyngu, to deserve,
merit; elwa, to gain,
profit, benefit, earn;
ennill, to win, gain,
earn, attain, get
(Welsh)
toill, va. (Scott)
meritare (Italian)
mériter (French)

to deserve, [<Lat.
desirvio-ire, to serve
zealously, be a slave
to]
earn [<OE
earnian], obtain;
deserving, merit

mer, Script K108,
L38
meri, Script Z92,
Z317, Z386

merito (meritv
),
Script R437

ud, und, unatti,
spring, water, bubble
up, wet, bathe,
immerse, sprinkle,
wet;
plu, plavat, to
float, swim, bathe,
submerge, inundate,

immerse; dhA,
dadhAti, dhatte;
dadhati, -t, to put,
set, lay conceal,
immerse, ertc.

forubari, senâvari,
immersion
(Persian)

zanurzyc, immerse
(Polish)

embythizo,
immerse; bouto,
bythizo, boutia,
dip (Greek)
zhyt, zhys, thith,
ngatërroj, to
immerse (Albanian)

merso-are

suddo, to sink, dive,
founder, immerse,
merge, invest; trochi,
to dip, plung, immerse,
drench, duck, dunk,
soil (Welsh)
immergere (Italian)
immerger (French)

to dip, immerse;

merso (mersv),
Script Q326, Q468
mersos (mersvs),
Script Q294

bhuj, bhunakti,
bhuGkte, to enjoy,
cause to enjoy or eat,
feed, reap the fruit;
kRSi [f], ploughing,
agriculture,
husbandry; field;
{kRSI}); harvest.

derudan, derow
kardan, parxidan,
to reap; derow,
xarman, harvest
[n], derow kardan,
to harvest
(Persian)

zbierac zboze,
zbiory, zniwa,
harvest (polish)

therizo, reap;
sygkomidi,
therismos, harvest
(Greek)
korr, mbledh, to
reap; korrje,
prodhim,
përfundim, pasojë,
harvest [n]
(Albanian)

meto-metere, messui, messum

medi, to reap (Welsh)
messe [f], crop,
harvest;
mietere, to
reap (Italian)
moisson [f], harvest,
moisssonner, to reap
(French)

to reap {<OE
ripan], harvest
[<OE
haerfest],
mow down

MeTH, Script
M38
metva (met8a)
Script Z1216

asatkArya [n], an evil
deed; durAdhI, adj.
evil-minded; durvAc
[f], evil speech;
duzcit, adj. thinking
evil; dUDhI, adj., evil
minded

W-kesh; E-vad
(Armanian)

akha, bad,
evil; angra
(Avestan)
bad, sum,
ziyânâvar, adj.,
evil, bad;
badi,
ziyânâvar, bad,
evil [n] (Persian)

neispravan, rdjav,
zao
(Serbo-Croatian)
zlo, zly, evil;
brzydki, ugly;
niedobry,
worse,
zepsuty,
zlo, zly,
bad (Polish)
brydki (Belarus)
piktas, vargas,
bad, evil
(Baltic-Sudovian)

kakos, kako, evil;
aschimos, bad;
aschima, badly
(Greek)
e keqe, fatkeqësi,
mëkat, sëmundje,
evil [n]; mungesë
besimi, mosbesim,
mistrust [n];
keq,
bad, adv.
e keqe,
bad [n]
(Albanian)

suspicor-ari, to
suspect, surmise,
suppose;
malus-a
um
, comp. peior-us;
peius
, superl.
pessime, badly, ill

drwg (cyddrwg,
gwaeth, gwaethaf), adj.
bad, evil, naughty,
wicked, ill; drygionus,
adj. bad, wicked, evil
naughty; anhardd, adj.
unhandsome,
unseemly, ugly ;
annillyn, adj. inelegant,
ugly, clumsy,
unseemly; cethin, adj.,
dark, fierce, ugly;
diolwg, hagr,
adj. ugly;
hyll (f. hell;
pl. hellion) adj. ugly,
hideous, grisly,
gruesome (Welsh)

sospettare (Italian)
mauvais, bad; méfier,
to mistrust (French);

evil [<OE eyfel],
bad, adj. worse
[<
OE badd] harmful

meva (me8a)
Script Q117

peiu (peiv ) Script
N268

 Notes:

1) The character K, , is rare in the Etruscan scripts. It is positioned between the H and the I in the Formello Alphabet from Veii; Rome, Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia (from The Etruscans, Massimo Pallottino, Indiana University Press, 1975). See Note (2) below for the use of the K. The word, Chiave, sets the word following it: LAFES.
(2) The word, LAFES, is used on a 7th century B.C. gold fibula from Chiusi in the context, "to me / my [the] gold key (Lat. chiafe) of praise [of] Nasia the great. The word MAXIMAS reflects a shift from Latin, "maximus" to Etruscan "machimas."
(3) Addition of prefix, FEL, before LVIS in TC-103 suggests this is a name, Luis. Change based on better image from http://vcg.isti.cnr.it/projects/miscellanea/cortona/cortona_images/

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